An older adult with spinal stenosis at the C6 level presents with neck pain, weakness and fine motor difficulties in both upper extremities. She states that symptoms interfere with their ability to wash her face, apply makeup, and style her hair. Imaging reveals a small lesion in the spinal cord. Which spinal tracts are most likely affected? Left: corticospinal tract; Middle: dorsal columns medial lemniscus (DCML); Right: spinothalamic tract. 

A client presents with a lesion in the Somatomotor Network (SMN). Based on this lesion, which of the following clinical presentations is most likely?

Which of the following is TRUE about the direct pathway of the basal ganglia?

You are playing baseball. You hear the crack of the bat and see the ball coming to you in right field. You catch ball in your glove and throw to second base to keep the first base runner from advancing. What brain region is responsible for the integration of all the incoming sensory information including auditory, visual, touch, and proprioceptive information?

A client has damage to this brain structure. Which function would be most directly impaired, and what observable challenges might you expect during activity performance?  

Your client recently fell and presents with gradual onset of headache and confusion over the past 24–48 hours. Imaging reveals bleeding beneath the outermost meningeal layer. How would this type of hemorrhage be classified?

Your client experienced a recent traumatic brain injury. She does not respond to commands (e.g., “squeeze my hand”) or stimuli (e.g., favorite music), but she maintains regular breathing and heart rate. Which of the following structures is most likely still intact?

Which of the following is the most likely outcome of damage to this structure, and how might it affect activity performance?

NOTICE: This case will be used for the following 3 questions of your exam.Your client was stabbed and sustained a completed laceration of the brachial plexus at the blue “X” indicated on the figure below. b. List all the joint actions that would be affected at the shoulder, elbow, and forearm AND list whether each action would be completely or partially impaired. (Example:  1. Joint Action: Partially/Completely Impaired)  

When assessing grip and pinch strength, it may be more beneficial to compare your client’s dominant and nondominant hand, rather than compare their score to the norms.