A 48-year-old man complains of numbness in the upper lip and cheek, as well as painful zaps triggered by touching the area. There is no motor deficit. Imaging reveals a lesion affecting a cranial nerve division that exits via the foramen rotundum. Which nerve division is involved, and what is its name, number, and function type?

A PA is grossing a colectomy specimen for carcinoma, which includes description of tumor location, lymph node dissection, and inking of margins. Thirty tissue blocks are submitted. The pathologist later performs the histologic review and renders a diagnosis. Which CPT code is most appropriate, and what does it represent?  

A 6-month-old infant presents with increasing head circumference, lethargy, and bulging fontanelles. Imaging reveals enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles, while the fourth ventricle appears normal. A mass is obstructing CSF flow at the level of the cerebral aqueduct.

A newborn has difficulty feeding and is diagnosed with congenital absence of the palatine tonsils. Which pharyngeal pouch is responsible for this anomaly?

A 34-year-old woman with known Marfan syndrome presents with palpitations and a mid-systolic click on auscultation. Echocardiography reveals mitral valve prolapse with mild regurgitation. Which of the following best explains her valvular abnormality?

A neonate is born with bladder exstrophy and pubic diastasis, revealing defects in the pelvic bones and surrounding musculature. The anomaly is traced to early disruptions in mesoderm development. Which embryologic layer is primarily responsible for the bones affected in this case?

A forensic anthropologist is preparing a facial reconstruction from a well-preserved skull. To properly align soft tissue markers, the team identifies a midline landmark at the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures. Which craniometric point is being referenced?

A 3-year-old male is diagnosed with Meckel diverticulum after surgery for bowel obstruction. Which of the following descriptions is most consistent with the “rule of 2s” associated with this condition?

During examination of a placenta in a case of preeclampsia, the pathologist notes thickening of the placental barrier and impaired exchange function. Which of the following placental components is NOT considered part of the typical placental barrier in later gestation?

A 62-year-old woman presents with intense, stabbing pain on the right side of her face. The episodes last for several seconds and are triggered by light touch to the cheek or brushing teeth. Neurologic exam is normal. MRI is ordered to rule out secondary causes. Which cranial nerve is most likely involved, and what is the diagnosis?