Considering how a potential decision would impact all stakeholders that would be affected by the decision refers to _______________________ test.

Survival of a company may depend on the abilities of its managers to make fundmental changes.

Frank just hired a new employee named Joe, who appears to have strong social needs. The best way for Frank to motivate Joe is to offer Joe a good benefits package.

All employees eagerly anticipate and want their supervisors to delegate some responsibilities to them.

Instruction:Read the scenario and answer questions belowIn early 2025, following Donald Trump’s re-election as U.S. president, his administration announced sweeping reductions in foreign aid, including substantial cuts to health programs in South Africa. The decision affected funding for HIV/AIDS initiatives under PEPFAR (the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief), leading to disruptions in antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for thousands of patients. Clinics in rural and township areas struggled to provide care, and community outreach programs aimed at preventing new infections faced closure.Amid these policy changes, Trump made derogatory remarks about the LGBTQIA+ community, reinforcing his administration’s stance against inclusive health policies. His public mockery of a viral video from Lesotho that depicted local advocacy for LGBTQIA+ rights further fueled tensions. Activists in South Africa condemned the remarks, warning that such rhetoric, combined with funding cuts, would deepen the crisis for marginalized groups, particularly LGBTQIA+ individuals living with HIV.1. Discuss how the exclusion of LGBTQIA+ individuals from health policies and funding priorities contributes to health disparities under the following headings:a) Access to healthcare                                                                                                                    (4)b) Mental health outcomes                                                                                                             (3)c) Disease prevention efforts                                                                                                          (3)2. Illustrate how the ethical principle of non-maleficence apply to the U.S. decision to cut health funding to South Africa and other African countries under a Trump administration?                            (10)

3.1. Instruction:Read the scenario below and answer question 3.1.1, 3.1.2, AND 3.1.3. A study was done among 1353 Jordanian women using a self-administered questionnaire and the results and the conclusion were: Although Jordanian women had an acceptable level of knowledge of breast cancer, the screening rates for mammography were low. These findings suggest that there is a need to provide extra awareness programs for Jordanian women to improve their breast cancer knowledge and practice.(Accessed from Al-Mousa, D. S., Alakhras, M., Hossain, S. Z., Al-Sa’di, A. G., Al Hasan, M., Al-Hayek, Y., & Brennan, P. C. (2020). Knowledge, attitude and practice around breast cancer and mammography screening among Jordanian women. Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy, 231-242.) 3.1.1. Do you agree with the analysis of the findings. Give reasons for your answer?                                    (3) 3.1.2. Apply a more appropriate communication strategy that would increase the screening rates.          (4) 3.1.3. Develop one questions for each aspect of knowledge, attitude, and practice that you put in a questionnaire for a similar study in your community. Note that the total number of your questions should be three, each of which covers the above aspects.                                                                                                      (6) 3.2. Instruction: The images below talk about traditional approaches. Preview them and answer the questions below. Image 1: Traditional approaches. A.jpg Image 2: Communication channels. B.png 3.2.1. Evaluate two of the traditional approaches to mass media communication and give reasons why they would be effective or ineffective in your National TB Campaign                                                                         (4) 3.2.2. Select one direct communication channel and illustrate information on how you would use it in an effective TB Campaign.                                                                                                                                                (3)

A public health practitioner is part of a national task team assigned to review leadership challenges in     South Africa’s public health system. A recent report has identified that while many facility managers are technically competent, they lack strategic leadership capacity, resulting in poor service delivery, low staff morale, fragmented systems, and inadequate patient outcomes. He is tasked with preparing recommendations to guide strategic leadership development in health management structures at district and facility levels. The recommendations must address the integration of leadership and management, the importance of strategic thinking, and how leadership directly influences health system performance.2.1 Critically analyze the relationship between leadership and management in the context of health systems. Why is it important to integrate both in the role of a healthcare facility manager?                                           (2×4=8)            2.2 As part of your recommendations to improve leadership in South Africa’s public health facilities, explain the role of strategic thinking in health management. Evaluate how strategic thinking can enhance leadership effectiveness and contribute to improved health system performance?                                                                       (1×3=3)                       

Building healthy public policy, according to the Charter, is primarily the responsibility of the health sector.

Match the description in column A with the principles of ethics in public health in column B.

In the context of health promotion, what does the principle of justice refer to?