(05.04 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.”Source: The Emancipation Proclamation, 1863How did the issuing of this document change the nature of the Civil War?

(03.05 LC)Why was slavery more difficult to address in the Southern states in the early years of the republic, even before the invention of the cotton gin?

(02.02 MC)This question refers to the following image.© Norton 2015Source: Virginia Plantation Wharf, 1730Which of the following ideas about the nature of African labor in the British colonies does the image best support?

(02.04 MC)This refers to the following graph.© 2015 The College BoardHow did European colonists primarily fill labor needs in the New World in the 17th century?

(02.01 MC)This question refers to the following excerpt.”French pirates or corsairs, a nuisance in times of peace, had become a menace to Spanish shipping and to the Spanish economy as relations between France and Spain deteriorated in the 1550s. In 1556–60, the Crown’s revenue from the New World fell to half of its levels in the previous years, with much of the treasure stolen by French corsairs who preyed on Spanish vessels along the sea lanes that connected Spain and the Caribbean. For Spain’s homeward-bound mariners, one of those sea lanes lay along the Atlantic Coast of North America…A Spanish base on the Florida coast, then, would help protect the homebound silver fleets.”Source: David J. Weber, historian, The Spanish Frontier in North America, 1992Which of the following ideas best reflects the main point of this excerpt?

(04.01 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”SEC. 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid.”Source: The Missouri Compromise, 1820The provision within the Missouri Compromise dealing with escaped slaves being reclaimed from free territories by their owners illustrates which of the following?

(04.03 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”Cotton is the fabric of civilization. It has built up peoples, and has riven them apart. It has brought to the world vast and permanent wealth. It has enlisted the vision of statesmen, the genius of inventors, the courage of pioneers, the forcefulness of manufacturers, the initiative of merchants and shipbuilders, and the patient toil of many millions. A whole library could be written on the economic aspects of cotton alone. It could be told in detail, how and why the domination of the field of its manufacture passed from India to Spain, to Holland, and finally to England, which now shares it chiefly with the United States. The interdependence of nations which it has brought about has been the subject of numerous books and articles. Nor is the history of the inventions which have made possible today’s great production of cotton fabrics less impressive. From the unnamed Hindu genius of pre-Alexandrian days, through Arkwright and Eli Whitney, down to Jacquard and Northrop, the tale of cotton manufacture is a series of romances and tragedies, any one of which would be a story worth telling in detail. Yet, here is a work that is by no means finished. Great inventors who will apply their genius to the improvement of cotton growing and manufacture are still to be born.”Source: The Fabric of Civilization, 1919The role of cotton as the “fabric of civilization” was evident in which of the following in the early 1800s?

(03.02 LC)Which of the following documents was the basis for the first government of the United States?

(02.05 MC)This question refers to the following excerpt.”Early American churchmen and churchwomen soon discovered that if they wanted to practice their beliefs unmolested in a diverse society, they had to grant the same right to others. This wisdom did not come easily. Yet over time, along with bickering and competition among denominations, there also were bargains, accommodations, and compromises. In realizing that no single doctrine of faith could dominate Middle Colony society, a heterogeneous people learned, not to cherish their differences, but, at least, to tolerate and live with them.”Source: Patricia U. Bonomi, historian, “Religious Pluralism in the Middle Colonies,” 2008The excerpt best illustrates which of the following developments?

(02.02 LC)Which of the following areas of British colonization was the most politically and religiously homogeneous?