Data can flow only in both direction all the times is called a _________ connection.

Baseband transmission of a digital signal is possible only if we have a ____ channel.

Assume a system uses five protocol layers. If the application program creates a message of 100 bytes and each layer (including the fifth and the first) adds a header of 10 bytes to the data unit, what is the efficiency (the ratio of application-layer bytes to the number of bytes transmitted) of the system?

Transmission media lie below the _______ layer.

Which of the following is not a guided medium?

Noise in a coaxial cable is reduced by ___________________.

________ is a type of transmission impairment in which an outside source such as crosstalk corrupts a signal.

_______ data have discrete states and take discrete values.

47. The nurse is teaching a class of middle-aged adults about health promotion. What information would be the most important to include in the teaching?

48. A newly licensed nurse is preparing to insert an IV catheter in a client. Which of the following sources is most important for the nurse to utilize when reviewing the procedure and the standard at which it should be performed?