Jury instructions explain the law the jury must apply.

Habeas corpus can challenge constitutional violations after conviction.

Under California’s determinate sentencing system, most crimes are punished by:

Consecutive sentences run at the same time.

The judge must give reasons when selecting the upper term in a determinate sentence.

Sentencing philosophies help explain why punishments differ across cases.

A PSI often includes recommendations to the judge.

Aggravating factors generally reduce a sentencing range.

A criminal jury in California must reach a unanimous verdict in felony cases.

Typically,reservoir rocks are shale like the famous Monterey Formation in California. Source rocks are nearly always sandstone.