A 65-year-old man with advanced chronic kidney disease presents with muscle weakness and palpitations. Labs show a serum potassium of 6.8 mEq/L. An ECG demonstrates cardiac conduction abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?
Read DetailsA 6-year-old boy is incidentally found to have a horseshoe kidney on abdominal US performed after evaluation for abdominal pain. He is currently asymptomatic. Blood pressure and kidney function are within normal limits. The provider explains that although many patients remain asymptomatic, there is a higher risk of urinary obstruction, infection, and chronic kidney disease compared with the general population. What monitoring recommendations should be provided to the patient and his parents?
Read DetailsA 66-year-old male is seen pre-operatively for clearance for his right total knee replacement. Pre-operative exam includes routine labs and UA. These show mild normocytic normochromic anemia, normal electrolytes, slight elevation in BUN and SCr, and a GFR of 54. Urine is positive for protein. Past medical history includes diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. What stage is his chronic kidney disease currently?
Read DetailsA patient postoperatively is noted to be producing < 400 mL of urine daily. The patient's serum BUN to creatinine ratio is noted to be 32. Additionally, the patient's blood and urine testing reveal a reduced fractional excretion of sodium (FENa < 1%). Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient's renal failure?
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