1Small animals eat more in relation to their own size than large animals do. 2For instance, a field mouse eats as much as its own body weight every day. 3That is, a one-ounce mouse will eat one ounce of food a day, or 100 percent of its body weight. 4However, an elephant that may weigh twelve thousand pounds will eat about six hundred pounds of food a day. 5As astounding an amount of food as that is to eat, it is still only 5 percent (or 1/20th) of the elephant’s body weight.

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1Psychologists have observed that some babies cry much more than others, and some are much more active than others. 2Some are cuddly, and some seem to dislike being picked up and held. 3Psychologists have also found that newborns are capable of expressing several basic emotions; for example, their faces show different expressions for surprise, distress, and disgust. 4And they have their likes and dislikes: In one experiment, babies only a few hours old showed pleasure at the taste of sweetened water and smell of vanilla, but made faces at the taste of lemon juice and the smell of rotten eggs. 5Through these findings, psychologists have confirmed what parents have always claimed to be true—that their babies seem to have distinctive personalities almost from birth.

Instructions: In the space provided, choose the number of the sentence that expresses the main idea in each selection.   1When a female elephant gives birth, she is often helped by another female from the herd. 2This “friend” may actually help deliver the baby with her trunk and often washes the newborn. 3The females take turns “babysitting” the young of the herd while the other mothers eat.4Elephants care for one another when they are ill. 5They have been known to take food and water to sick herdmates for many weeks. 6Elephants also tend to the dying. 7They will often surround a dying elephant, trying to lift it back on its feet; and if it dies, they will stay sadly with the body for some time and even attempt to bury it. 8Because of these and other behaviors, the elephant has earned the reputation as one of the most intelligent animals.

A thought-provoking question and a bold statement are NOT examples of effective attention-getter techniques. 

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