In an SVM, which points directly determine the decision boundary?

CT Chest revealed 2cm nodule in the RUL c/w bronchogenic malignancy, right subcarinal lymph nodes suspicious for involvement. PET scan showed 2.2cm mass with extension into the chest wall. Lobectomy was performed revealing 4cm squamous cell carcinoma in the right upper lobe, parietal pleura involved, pericardial effusion positive for carcinoma, 2 subcarinal nodes neg for malignancy. What is the pathological stage group?

A model has very high training accuracy but noticeably worse test accuracy. What is the most likely explanation? 

Patient presented for hematuria. CTAP revealed bladder wall thickening, no other abnormalities seen. Cystoscopy with transurethral resection of the bladder was performed revealing papillary urothelial carcinoma, G1. Tumor invades peri vesical soft tissue. What is the Clinical N AJCC?

A bank is building a fraud detection system. One analyst argues that every suspicious transaction should be flagged, even if many legitimate customers get blocked. Which response is the best?

A hospital is using anomaly detection to identify patients with a rare but dangerous condition. Which mistake is often more concerning?

A team fits a predictive model and then bootstraps the dataset many times. They find that the estimated model performance varies a lot across resamples. What does this suggest, and how should it affect their confidence in the model?

Why is cross-validation commonly used when comparing predictive models?

A supermarket analyst says, “Milk and bread are often purchased together, so clustering is the best method to discover that pattern.” Which response is the best?

Which of the following pathways of cell respiration takes place in the mitochondria