Case Study:  A 55- year old patient who has been sick with pneumonia and diarrhea for several days is placed on mechanical ventilation. Arterial and pulmonary artery catheters are placed for monitoring blood gases and hemodynamics. Arterial blood gas values on 40% oxygen show: PaO2 80 mmHg, PaCO2 39 mmHg, pH 7.43, Bicarbonate 24 mEq/L. Pulmonary artery catheter parameters show PAP 14/6 mmHg, PCWP 3 mmHg, and CVP 1 mmHg. In addition, serum electrolytes show: sodium 158 mEq/l, potassium 4.3 mEq/l, and chloride 118 mEq/l.  Based on this information collected, what would you recommend for this patient first?

How does mechanical ventilation (positive pressure) affect hemodynamics?

Mexico is located in which tectonic plate?

Hemodynamic measurements should be taken at

If SVR increases, left ventricular afterload ?

The PA distal lumen of a pulmonary artery catheter is used for: 1. PA pressure monitoring 2. PCWP pressure monitoring 3. mixed venous blood sampling 4. thermodilution cardiac output 5. RA pressure monitoring

You have a patient that came in with shortness of breath. Upon auscultation you hear distant breathsounds, dullness percussion is noted over the RML and RLL along with decreased tactile fremitus The doctor notes the same findings. As we are waiting for the patient to have their x-ray, the physician asks you to gather your equipment in preparation of insertion of a chest tube  Based on the assessment information from above, where would the chest tube be placed?

Which device (s) is the best option to obtain a true mixed venous blood sample under normal physiological circumstances? 

A patient has developed pulmonary edema. Which of the following would best indicate whether the edema is a result of left heart failure or lung diseases/COPD?

Which statement best summarizes the passage?