Each of the following images represents a state of stress at a point in a structural member that is subjected to plane stress. Which one represents a state of maximum shear stress?

At a point in a body subjected to plane strain, the strains are εx = –500 με, εy = 610 με, and γxy = –720 μrad. Determine the angle θs corresponding to the orientation of the maximum in-plane shear strain at the point.

At a point in a body subjected to plane strain, the strains are εx = –20 με, εy = 430 με, and γxy = 810 μrad. Determine the diameter D of the corresponding in-plane Mohr’s circle.

At a point subjected to plane stress on the surface of a structural member, the stresses are σx = –40 MPa, σy = –60 MPa, and τxy = –20 MPa. Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear stress at the point.

Annelida muscle contractions:

At a point in a body subjected to plane strain, the strains are εx = –480 με, εy = –800 με, and γxy = 420 μrad. Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear strain at the point.

Platyhelminthes and nematoda lack a circulatory system and respiratory system. Match what each uses in place of these systems.

At a point in a body subjected to plane strain, the strains are εx = –190 με, εy = 630 με, and γxy = 330 μrad. Determine normal strain εn at the point for a counterclockwise coordinate rotation of 47°.

At a point subjected to plane stress on the surface of a structural-steel member, the stresses are σx = –90 MPa, σy = –100 MPa, and τxy = –40 MPa. Determine the diameter D of the corresponding in-plane Mohr’s circle.

True or False: Tribal leadership positions (e.g., “headmen” or “big men”) are an example of a formal office.