True or False? The term acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a very specific term that is synonymous with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).

You are charged with helping to take care of the patient who is deteriorating from a glioblastoma, AKA glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or a grade IV astrocytoma, which is the most common and aggressive type of brain cancer. It’s a fast-growing tumor that can spread within the brain and to other parts of the body (metastasis) in the median survival is only about a year after diagnosis with standard treatment. The most recent imaging of your patient shows that the tumor invaded and destroyed the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and the most recent lab work is showing he is hypernatremic and he has hyposthenuria, where the urine has a relatively low osmolarity due to inability of the kidney to concentrate the urine normally. The attending physician submits an order to for you to start intravenous administration of the drug desmopressin (a synthetic analog of vasopressin, AKA antidiuretic hormone). Taking all this together, from the options below, which is a disease that mostly likely could have developed based on the HPI (history of present illness), recent test results, and the medication order?

Venous blood arrive to the _____ atrium via the CS, SVC and IVC, then passes through the _____ valve to enter the _____ ventricle where it then goes through the pulmonary semilunar valve to enter the pulmonary trunk which splits into the pulmonary ______.

True or False? The type of hypertension which has no clear cause other than being hereditary is primary (essential) hypertension and accounts for about 90-95% of cases. Whereas, the type of hypertension that is due to an underlying pathology is called secondary hypertension and accounts for the other 5-10% of cases.

Coronary heart disease, AKA coronary artery disease, accounts for the majority of cardiovascular disease related deaths and is the single largest killer of Americans, both men and women. The underlying cause is thought to be atherosclerosis, which can develop as a result of chronic hypertension. Atherosclerosis has been shown to be an inflammatory process associated with:

Pulmonary fibrosis results in (low/high) compliance and (low/high) elastance.

On an ECG (clinically referred to using the German abbreviation EKG since when spoken ECG sound like EEG), the QRS complex is the largest wave and is indicative of atrial repolarization.

For the following, use your knowledge of the protein-ligand interaction and the renal threshold/transport maximum: Why is there glucose in the urine (glucosuria, AKA glycosuria) of untreated diabetes mellitus patients with respect to what we know about the renal handling of glucose?  

A high school biology teacher comes to you with high blood pressure. Tests show that she also has increased levels of renin in her blood and atherosclerotic plaques that have nearly blocked/occluded blood flow through her renal arteries. She does not understand. It would be clinically accurate to explain to her that the (decreased or increased?) blood flow in her renal arteries could have caused an excessive increase in renin secretion via activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathway, and that the resulting chronically (decreased or increased?) blood pressure has likely led to the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque, given it is such a great risk factor.

True or False? The buffy coat of the “cellular” component, AKA formed elements, of whole blood includes just the thrombocytes and leukocytes (hint: collectively make up less than 1%).