Explain the following parts of a case study: differential diagnosis; positive and negative indications for tests and physical exams; narrative summary

The nurse is caring for four patients. Which patient assessment would be the most indicative of having acute pain?

The nurse is caring for a male patient with peptic ulcer disease. Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that the patient most likely has an ulcer in the stomach rather than the duodenum?

Your 56 year old patient was seen with complaints of toe pain. On exam, you noted what appeared to be a developing wound. An MRI and angiogram were negative, leading to a diagnosis of thromboanginitis (aka Buerger Disease). You know that your education to the patient about this diagnosis will be: 

The Mini-Mental State Examination is the best known screening test for: 

Mental health screening is recommended

During the physical examination, the nurse practitioner notices that a patient has an inverted left nipple. Which statement regarding this is most accurate?

The advanced practice provider is examining a 1-month-old infant and notices tiny white, rounded cysts along the posterior midline of the hard palate.   The advanced practice provider explains to the parent:

When you look at the tympanic membrane with the otoscope, which normal landmark is present?

The advanced practice provider is assessing a patient in the hospital who has received numerous antibiotics and notices that his tongue appears to be black and hairy. In response to his concern, what should the advanced practice provider say?