Almost every time 18-month-old Will articulates the word “da,” his father picks him up with joy, smiling and praising his son for trying to say “dad.” In this example, the father’s behavior is reinforcing Will’s verbal behavior. This is an illustration of which theory of language development? 

“Piaget observed his son Laurent dropping a toy swan repeatedly, varying the position from which he dropped it, and carefully observing each time to see where it fell.” This is an example of

When working with young children, adults often provide assistance, instruction, and other support. As children demonstrate they can do more for themselves, Vygotsky recommends that adults begin to withdraw these supports. This demonstrates the concept of:

A researcher exposes older adults to a list of words related to the ocean (e.g., water, fish, boat) without having them memorize the list. Later, when given a list of fragmented words to complete (e.g., S_A), the participants are more likely to fill in “SEA” than those who didn’t see the ocean-related list. This cognitive influence of recent experience on behavior is known as:

In 4-year-old Amanda’s preschool class, the group discussion involved airplanes. After that, Amanda considered herself an expert on airplanes and believed she knew everything there was to know about airplanes, even though she was unable to provide a reasonable explanation about why she thought she knew so much about airplanes. According to Piaget, in this example, Amanda is demonstrating

According to Piaget, adolescents in the formal operational stage differ from 9-year-olds in the concrete operational stage in that 9-year-olds cannot

A 7-year-old learns a new memory strategy (creating acronyms) but finds that her recall performance actually gets worse for a few weeks before it finally starts to improve. This temporary lack of benefit while using a newly-learned, appropriate strategy is known as:

Which of the following is the best description of Piaget’s “symbolic thought”?

Lucas calls every four-leg animal he sees a cat. According to Piaget’s theory, this is an example of:

The adult thinking process in which every idea implies an opposite idea, and both the idea and its opposite can be integrated into a synthesis is referred to as: