Which musical term is used to indicate a loud dynamic?

Which circled letter is indicating the time signature?  

Audio example ?VxJw3wfC56=1748012981&Kq3cZcYS15=8b73988c51f7418794add232722274a2&Kq3cZcYS15=8b73988c51f7418794add232722274a2&VxJw3wfC56=1748012981&3cCnGYSz89=KRDGSSmzcAkbwKMrxTJEbOLy8a0yTIooHgx%2FImrf6Bg%3D#1 is which piece from the list of musical selections below?

Which circled letter is indicating the bass clef?  

Audio example ?VxJw3wfC56=1748012981&Kq3cZcYS15=8b73988c51f7418794add232722274a2&Kq3cZcYS15=8b73988c51f7418794add232722274a2&VxJw3wfC56=1748012981&3cCnGYSz89=KRDGSSmzcAkbwKMrxTJEbOLy8a0yTIooHgx%2FImrf6Bg%3D#7 is which piece from the list of musical selections below?

Which musical term is used to indicate a slow tempo?

A characteristic of Baroque music is the use of repeated melodic/rhythmic patterns that occur throughout a piece of music. What are these repeated patterns called?

What instrument is not a member of the brass family?

Which Baroque composer, contrary to social norms, came from a non-musical family, went to law school for a year, studied music in Italy, wrote operas and was famous throughout Europe?

Which of the following statements is true about Bach’s AND Handel’s lives?