A 5-year-old girl presents with flank pain, fever, and vomiting. Urinalysis reveals white blood cell casts. Which process explains her illness?

A 16-year-old boy presents with hypertension and headaches. Urine catecholamines are markedly elevated. Which process explains his condition?

A 63-year-old woman presents with anxiety and progressive dysphagia for both solids and liquids. Barium swallow shows bird-beak narrowing at the gastroesophageal junction. Which process explains her condition?

process of chemically treating human remains to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance.

OSHA (29 CFR 1910.1048) regulation limiting the amount of occupational exposure to formaldehyde.

A 72-year-old woman presents with progressive fatigue, nausea, and pruritus. Labs: GFR 25 mL/min (normal >90 mL/min), creatinine 3.2 mg/dL (normal 0.6–1.2 mg/dL), hemoglobin 9.8 g/dL (normal 12–16 g/dL). Which process explains her illness?

difference between potential and actual pressure.

A 29-year-old man presents with chest pain and scrotal pain after lifting heavy objects. Exam reveals dilated scrotal veins that worsen with standing. Which process explains his condition?

A 9-year-old boy presents with hematuria two weeks after a sore throat. Labs: creatinine 1.6 mg/dL (normal 0.6–1.2), RBC casts on urinalysis. Which process explains his condition?

A 62-year-old man presents with chronic back pain and hematuria. CT reveals a renal mass invading the renal vein. Which process explains his malignancy?