In patients with appendicitis, the outer diameter should measure at least _____ mm.

Based on this longitudinal image of the kidney obtained from a 62 yo female who suffers from repeated UTI, which of the following disease processes would this patient most likely have _____.

Which statement is incorrect regarding measurements of the hypertrophied pyloric canal:

What is the protective capsule of the kidney known as?

When compared with muscle, a normal nerve is ___________________.

What is an incarcerated with vascular compromise?

Renal sonogram on an 45 year-old male. This image is most consistent with _____.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is defined by _____.

A transplanted kidney with a long pre-operative delay is likely to have _____.

A 24 year old male with a history of intravenous drug abuse is referred to the sonography department with a history of left flank pain, fever and chills.  You perform a renal sonogram and demonstrate a complex mass containing low-level echoes and debris.  It also contains hyperechoic foci associated with ring-down artifacts.  What is the most likely explanation for these findings?