BONUS QUESTION (WORTH 10 POINTS)  From choices A-G below, select JUST ONE (1) CHOICE and provide the requested information. While it says this question is worth 0 points, it is actually worth 4 points. A.  A number of epidemiologic studies have suggested that eating red meat daily doubles the chances of a woman developing endometrial adenocarcinoma.  The Make America Eat Meat Again Council cannot believe this is true and would like to sponsor another epidemiologic study. Design a case-control study re-investigating a possible role of eating red meat in causing endometrial adenocarcinoma in women. Make up numbers for each of the necessary components (A, B, C, D) and calculate the odds ratio for red meat possibly being associated with an increased risk of endometrial adenocarcinoma in women who consume red meat daily. B. A number of epidemiologic studies have suggested that eating red meat daily doubles the chances of a woman developing endometrial adenocarcinoma.  The Make America Eat Meat Again Council cannot believe this is true and would like to sponsor a long-term epidemiologic study. Design a cohort study re-investigating a possible role of eating red meat in causing endometrial adenocarcinoma in women. Provide numbers for each of the necessary components (A, B, C, D) and calculate the relative risk for women eating red meat daily to develop endometrial adenocarcinoma, as compared to there non-exposed cohorts. C. A male cat (“Tom”) disappeared for three days and appeared to be lame when he returned to his owner’s loving arms. He was walking much better within 24 hours of his return, but his face, paws, and mucous membranes look odd (see below), and within twelve hours of taking “Tom” to the veterinarian, this cat’s liver enzyme activities go through the roof (they are really high!!!). Please work up this case, including what piece of critical information seems to be missing, and describe a diagnostic and therapeutic plan for “Tom,” including what might be discovered on a postmortem exam, if this happen’s to be “Tom’s” ninth life.  D. Three sheep ( “Little,”  “Bo,” and “Peep”) living at a horse farm arrive at your clinic exhibiting the clinical signs illustrated below (icterus and elevated liver enzyme activity, which progresses to hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, and renal failure.  Please work up this case and describe a diagnostic and therapeutic plan for “Little,” “Bo,” and “Peep,” including what one would expect to find on their postmortem examinations (PLEASE include toxicology testing). E. A veterinarian reports that one of his clients recently lost eighteen cows during a lightening storm. Five of the cattle were gathered under a tree which might have been struck by lightning. However, the other thirteen cattle were scattered on a ridge where hog manure had recently been spread over the forage. The veterinarian suspects nitrate/nitrite intoxication. How would you go about working up this case.  F. An eleven-month-old beagle named “Hoover” was accidentally locked in his nine-year-old owner’s bedroom the today. When Hoover’s owner came home from school, he found that his five, shiny new “lucky pennies” were missing, and “Hoover” appeared to be trying to vomit. Please work up this case and describe a diagnostic and therapeutic plan for “Hoover.” G. A two-year-old, intact Chihuahua-Great Dane X, named “Hildegarde” comes into your clinic for an ovariohysterectomy. The technicians notice that every time they stick “Hildy” with a needle she seems to bleed excessively. “Hildy’s” owners just moved into your practice area and are renovating a recently vacated old farmhouse. “Hildy” has spent most of her time exploring all the nooks and crannies of the barn and grain storage areas next to the house. Do you elect to perform the ovariohysterectomy, or do you investigate why “Hildy” is bleeding? Please work up this case and describe a diagnostic and therapeutic plan for “Hildy.”     For Case-Control Study A = Number of xenobiotic-exposed individuals with diseaseB = Number of xenobiotic-exposed individuals without diseaseA + B = Total number of xenobiotic-exposed individualsC = Number of individuals not exposed to xenobiotic with diseaseD = Number of individuals not exposed to xenobiotic without diseaseC + D = Total number of individuals not exposed to xenobiotic   For Cohort Study A = Number of diseased individuals with previous exposure to xenobioticC = Number of diseased individuals without previous exposure to xenobioticA + C = Total number of diseased individualsB = Number of non-diseased individuals with previous xenobiotic exposureD = Number of non-diseased individuals without previous xenobiotic exposureB + D = Total number of non-diseased individuals

While it says this question is worth 0 points, it is actually worth 1 point. Which of the following effects of the toxicant would most likely negatively impact ATP production in cells and lead to ATP depletion?  

Person A can produce the following combinations of X and Y: 40X and 1Y, 20X and 2Y, or 0X and 3Y. The opportunity cost of one unit of Y for the person A is ____________.

You have a 32 lb patient who will be on a fluid rate of 85 mL/hr.  How many mL will he have received after 2 hours?

A “change in demand” is the different from a “change in quantity demanded.” (1)______________(True or False) A “change in supply” is the same as a “change in quantity supplied.” (2)______________(True or False)

Economists use the _____________ assumption to isolate the relationship between two variables. It allows them to see the cause and effect relationships, without being confused by other possible influences.  

Here are four things you could do if you do not read a novel: study for an upcoming econ test (you value this at $100), watch a movie (you value this at $105), read a newspaper (you value this at $1000), or go in to work (you value this at $50). The opportunity cost of reading a novel is _____________

A economist in this (1)_________ field would be concerned about questions that impact the whole economy such as, “How will the proposed tax cut affect unemployment, inflation and economic growth?” A economist in this (2)_________ field would ask questions that relate to the various parts that make up the economy such as, “How will the drought impact the price of corn?”  

Suppose the absolute price of good X is $200 and the absolute price of good Y is $10 The relative price of one unit of good X is ________(write a number) units of a good Y. 

The resources are what are used to produce the goods. ____ consists of the talent that some people have for organizing the other resources to produce goods and develop new ways of doing things.