A 67-year-old man with a 40-pack-year smoking history presents with progressive shortness of breath over the past year. He reports a chronic productive cough. His symptoms are worse with exertion. He denies chest pain. Which of the following HPI features is/are most characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Your patient is reporting a new onset of dyspnea on exertion and orthopnea. You note crackles in the posterior lung bases. What is your concern?

You are assessing your patient’s heart in a left side lying position. To note an abnormal heart sound, which part of the stethescope is used? During the assessment, you hear an abnormal heart sound. Based on the patient’s positioning, which is the most likely finding?

A 62-year-old woman presents to the clinic with shortness of breath and a cough that started three days ago. Which of the following findings during the history or physical exam would most warrant immediate medical intervention?

Your 72 year old female patient reports the following symptoms: upper back pain; shortness of breath; nausea; and fatigue.  These symptoms are most concerning for which disorder?

During a cardiovascular examination, a student observes pulsations in the neck of a patient positioned at a 45-degree angle. Which of the following characteristics most reliably distinguishes jugular venous pulsations from carotid arterial pulsations?

A 65-year-old male presents to the emergency department with chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. As part of your initial assessment, you aim to determine the underlying cardiac pathology. Which of the following sets of questions best guides your evaluation of the most common manifestations of cardiac disease?

A 55-year-old patient presents for a routine check-up. Your medical assistant took the patient’s blood pressure on arrival in the clinic. Looking at this blood pressure, it is elevated when compared to previous pressures. You decide to measure their blood pressure. Which of the following steps will help ensure an accurate reading? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Which of the following is the proper technique for examining the maxillary sinuses?

Which of the following physical findings might be noted in a patient with otitis externa?