What bone is the cochlea in?

dB SPL is calculated by taking the ratio between a measured sound pressure level and what other value?

An audiologist should always brace the head before inserting speculum in an ear. 

Why do we need to measure sound pressure with RMS (root-mean-square), rather than just use the average?

The audiologist can place the bone conduction oscillator on a patient’s forehead to measure bone conduction thresholds. 

What do you do if you are familiarizing the patient to audiometry and they don’t respond to 1000 Hz at 30 dB?

One reason to take a case history is to build positive rapport with the patient. 

The unit of frequency is Hertz (Hz) and the perceptual equivalent is pitch. 

Assuming the ear canal is clear of cerumen and other objects, what should you be able to observe during otoscopy with the speculum in the ear canal? 

There are three rows of inner hair cells and one row of outer hair cells.