Actinomycosis (caused by the anaerobe Actimomyces) is characterized by the development of sinus tracts, which drain pus that may contain “sulfur granules”.

During the first week of the disease leptospirosis, a way to detect the presence of the causative agent is by:

Which one of the following is a rare, but potentially fatal multisystem disease, characterized by high fever, hypotension, and shock? It may be associated with highly absorbent tampons.

An elderly adult, who cared for several domestic cats, was hospitalized following an infection caused by a scratch from the cat. What is the likely agent(s) causing the infection? (Select all that apply)

Which one of the following organisms may play a role in Guillian-Barre syndrome?

Pathogenicity factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus include all of the following EXCEPT:

This bacterium is involved in spontaneous abortions. Typically, the pregnant woman has a history of consuming high risk foods, such as ice cream, soft cheeses, and ready-to-eat meats.

The Columbus Health Department (CHD) investigated a food-borne outbreak where the predominate symptom of vomiting occurred 2 hours after the ingesting of rice. CHD immediately suspected Bacillus cereus as the pathogen. During the investigation, CHD discovered the rice was improperly stored after the initial cooking process. Based on the above information, explain why or why not Bacillus cereus could be the likely pathogen. 

Choose the correct answer: A young adult with an 3-year history of type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and semaglutide (Ozempic) reports a desire to attempt pregnancy in the near future.  Recent retinal and nephropathy screenings have been normal. The primary care nurse practitioner informs the patient that medication adjustments including a transition to insulin will be required and that which of the following A1C preconception targets is required to optimize future maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes?

Select the correct answer:  The nurse practitioner is treating a 68-year-old adult with a history of type 2 diabetes and stage 2 chronic kidney disease. The patient is currently being treated with the following medications: hydrochlorothiazide (Diuril) 25 mg daily lisinopril (Prinivil) 20 mg daily empaglifozin (Jardiance) 10 mg daily Vital signs in clinic: B/P 146/88; pulse 74; respirations 16; Height 67 inches; Weight 182 lb; BMI 28.5 kg/m2 Labs: Glucose                142 mg/dL Sodium                 138 mEq/dL Potassium              4.8 mEq/L BUN                       18 mg/dL Creatinine              1.2 mg/dL A1c                       6.8% What, if any, adjustments to the management plan are indicated at this time?