The financial crisis that began in 2007   a.  was predicted in detail by Alan Greespan and Ben Bernanke.   b.  was centered on subprime lending and the complex financial instruments based on subprime loans.   c.  was caused by a downturn in the stock market.   d.  None of the above are correct.

Which of the following is most  accurate about Europe during World War I?   a.  Long-standing nationalistic and imperialistic rivalries produced a dangerous political situation.    b.  The continent had experienced several major wars in the preceding decades.    c.  Industrialization and a greater commitment to international trade had created rapidly rising standards of living.    d.  There was rising solidarity among the labor movements of different nations. 

Most historians today agree that   a.  Britain was right to demand reparations from Germany.   b.  trying to extract reparations from Germany was a mistake.   c.  Germany’s reckless spending in the 1920s was chiefly to blame for the Great Depression.   d.  U.S. loans to Germany merely postponed an otherwise inevitable Great Depression.

The Suffolk System   a.  operated similarly to the modern Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.   b.  led to lower discount rates on the notes of country banks in New England.   c.  was established by Nicholas Biddle.   d.  was used primarily prior to 1863 in Louisiana.

From which country came the fewest immigrants during the large wave of immigrants who arrived in the U.S. in the 1840s and 1850s?    a.  England.   b.  Germany.   c.  Ireland.   d.  Spain.

Under the system of “township planning”    a.  no one could own land that had not been previously surveyed.   b.  settlers chose their own plots of land, under the supervision of a county surveyor.   c.  legal descriptions of property made reference to permanent natural objects.   d.  gaps between unsettled and settled land were encouraged.

One of the causes of World War I was _________.   a.  the deteriorating standards of living in Europe.   b.  the assassination in Serbia of Austrian Archduke Ferdinand.    c.  Europe had experienced several wars in recent decades that spilled over into World War I.    d.  the European working class was increasingly fractured and nationalistic.

The leading producer of manufactured goods in 1900 was   a.  the United States.   b.  Germany.   c.  England.   d.  Canada.

Beginning in 1971, the Nixon administration enacted a series of price controls in hopes of reducing inflation.  The first of these, known as Phase I,   a.  consisted of a complete price freeze.   b.  imposed a ceiling price on meat, but left other prices unregulated.   c.  froze wages, but left other prices unregulated.   d.  applied only to oil prices.

Which U.S. President was in office for most of World War II?   a.  Herbert Hoover.   b.  Abraham Lincoln.   c.  Franklin D. Roosevelt.   d.  Lyndon Johnson