In the following figure, what do circles with no lines extending from them represent?

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does 2pq refer to?

What is the neutral theory of molecular evolution? What is the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution?

Proponents of the neutral theory of molecular evolution believe that most substitutions are fixed by _______.

What is the neutral theory of molecular evolution? What is the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution?

One consequence of genetic drift is

Hox Genes Phylogeny.png The figure above shows the number of Hox gene clusters in different groups of animals. What do you notice about the sequence of Hox genes in each cluster? Where do you see a reversal?  Does this make sense to you for the group that it is in? Where do you see the loss of Hox genes? Where do you see duplication of Hox genes

One consequence of genetic drift is

What region of DNA is used to traced your maternal ancestors? What region of DNA is used to trace your paternal ancestors? Describe a haplogroup in your own words.

How do gene frequencies behave in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?