Because of strict norms, use of substances for religious reasons appears to result in low levels of harm.

The peacock’s feathers were sexually selected for IN SPITE OF __________ because they reliably signal genetic quality to potential mates.

In the United States, federal and state governments generally handle the addictions by funding prevention and treatment.

Perhaps the clearest example of how beliefs about the harms of substance use can impact patterns of use is ____________ .

Throughout history, tobacco, coffee, coca, and opium were often used to stimulate appetite.

Substance abusers are fundamentally different from other people.

From an evolutionary perspective, using substances to increase pleasure is likely to be less harmful than use for avoidance of pain.

Hamilton Wright, who helped form American drug control policy in the early 20th century, asserted that:

Which of the following are aspects of internal working models that translate environmental harshness and unpredictability into risk for substance use disorder?

Although restrictions in supply tend to reduce the quantity of substances used, they also seem to increase levels of substance-related negative consequences.