Which of the following are depictions of resonance structures?  Choose all that apply.  Note — these structures follow skeletal structure rules, and omit explicitly labelled carbons, most hydrogens, and lone pairs of electrons.  Assume normal valences and that all structures are drawn correctly, including formal charges, and that lone pair are present if they are appropriate.

Which of the following statements show the correct ordering of osmotic pressure? (Hint:  the higher osmotic pressure solution should come first)

The three primary phases of ordinary matter are solids, liquids and gasses. 1)_____________________ are characterized by having their atoms located in fixed positions; in the 2)_______________________ phase, particles experience significant attraction to one another and are located close together, but not in fixed positions such that they can slide past one another; in the 3)__________________ phase, particles do not experience enough attraction to one another to stay together, and move independently with little interaction. Transitions between phases of matter are often possible with changes in 4)_________________. As heat energy is added, particle movement increases, and as attractive forces are overcome, solids can transition to liquids and liquids to gasses. The stronger the attractive interactions are, the more energy is required, resulting in higher 5)____________________________ points.

40 questions, multiple choice and free response.  2 hours allowed. Be sure to have a calculator, periodic table, formula sheet, and scratch paper and pencil available before starting the test.  Good luck! Unless specifically asked, do not enter units for calculated answers as part of the answer.  You will be prompted for the units that your *numerical answer* should be expressed in. In the event you need to use scientific notation to answer a question, use exponential notation, i.e., c = speed of light = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s = 3.00e8.  Planck’s constant = 6.626e-34 J/s.  However, most questions should be structured such that you can just use standard numerical expressions.

Match each molecular formula with the correct molecular geometry.  Some answers may be used more than once, some may not be used.

A unit uses brine (a saturated salt (NaCl) solution) in an extraction purification of crude product coming from a reactor.  The brine storage tank has a full capacity of [totalm] lbs.  If the brine solution is [percent]% m/m (mass percent), how much NaCl is in the tank when full?  Give your answer in lbs (no units, just the number) 

A winch driven by a gasoline engine is used to lift a piece of heavy equipment onto a platform, doing [w] Btu of work on the equipment.  If the engine used [g] gallons of gasoline, with an energy content of [b] Btu per gallon, how much energy was lost to heat?  Give your answer in Btu, but do not include units in your answer.

A reactor requires [b] Btu to raise its temperature from [ti] °C to [tf] °C.  What is the heat capacity of the reactor?  Express your answer in Btu/°C, but do not include units in your answer.

A team of engineers and operators are bringing an alkylating unit into production for the first time.  The reaction converts toluene to propylbenzene by reacting it with ethylene according to the following reaction: toluene2propylbenzene.png After reacting, the product is piped over to a distillation unit, and the distilled product is stored in a storage tank.  If the team converts [t] pounds of toluene to product and collects [p] pounds of propylbenzene in the storage tank, what was the percent yield of the process?  You do not need to include a percent sign in your answer, just the number. (Hint:  the molecular weights of toluene and propylbenzene are given in the picture describing the reaction.  If you are clever about it, you don’t need any more information or to do any stoichiometry to find the answer.  You can still solve it with stoichiometery, but it will take a bit longer…)  

Match each conversion with the correct mathematical operation.  Some answers may be used more than once, some may not be used.