A patient asks the nurse why his diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) could lead to having a myocardial infarction (MI). Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate? 

 A nurse is caring for a full‑term infant diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) that has remained open beyond the expected closure time. Which statement best describes the underlying pathophysiology of this defect? 

A 14‑year‑old patient presents to the clinic with complaints of fever, abdominal pain, mild chest discomfort, swollen glands, and painful swollen joints. The patient reports having a severe sore throat two weeks ago. Which condition does the nurse suspect? 

Jerry has named George as primary beneficiary of Jerry’s life insurance policy and Kramer as the contingent beneficiary. In which of the following ways do the rights of George differ from the rights of Kramer? If George is living when Jerry dies, Kramer has no legal right to any of the life insurance lump-sum death proceeds. The only circumstances under which Kramer would have any legal right to the lump-sum death proceeds would be if George predeceases Jerry.  

 A 58‑year‑old client is admitted to the emergency department with chest pain and is later diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction (MI). During discharge teaching, the nurse reviews modifiable risk factors that could have helped prevent the event. Which of the following are considered a risk factor for myocardial infarction? 

An IV drug abuser walks into the emergency room telling the nurse, “I am sick.” The client looks feverish with flushed, moist skin; dehydrated with dry lips/mucous membranes; and fatigued. The assessment reveals a loud murmur. An echocardiogram was ordered that shows a large vegetation growing on the client’s mitral valve.  The nurse will be assessing this client for which possible life-threatening complication?  

A provider orders an echocardiogram for a patient with suspected heart failure. Which assessment finding is this diagnostic test most useful for determining? 

The system does 185 J of work and receives 91 J heat. The surroundings does 45 J work on the system and receives 22 J heat. What is the change in internal energy of the system? Exact sig figs required. Answer in J. Do not use scientific notation. Do not type units. 

Below are several bonus questions that you may answer for a few extra points. Note that exam scores cannot exceed 75 points.  In some organisms, the process of meiosis is altered in ways that result in an unusual number of chromosome sets in the gametes. Imagine an organism where meiosis fails to reduce the chromosome number by half, resulting in gametes with double the normal number of chromosomes. How might fertilization between these gametes impact the next generation, and what implications could this have for the organism’s ability to reproduce or adapt over time? (2 points max) What is Wolbachia and how is it being used to stop deadly infections in Australia? (2 points max) According to Crash Course, why is confirmation bias an issue when it comes to research? What is an example of confirmation bias? What is one way we avoid the ‘trap’ of confirmation bias? (2 points max) Please watch part 1 of the Chapter 4 lectures for Monday. There is an assignment that has also been posted that I will discuss more next week! Have a great rest of your week. 

A patient with long‑standing left‑sided heart failure begins showing signs of jugular vein distention, hepatomegaly, and peripheral edema. The nurse understands that these new findings indicate progression to right‑sided heart failure. Which underlying pathophysiologic mechanism explains this progression?