Which of the following aerosolized agents can be used for the treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

Preventative measures to reduce the number of nosocomial pneumonia include which of the following?     I.    Patient precautions to reduce aspiration    II.    Health care worker hand washing    III.    Vaccines against particular infections

Which of the following clinical presentations are typical for emphysema? I) Cyanosis; II) Exhaling through pursed lips; III) Marked weight loss

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common causative agent in which of the following conditions? I) Bronchiolitis; II) Bronchitis; III) Pharyngitis

The most common pathogen which causes community acquired pneumonia is:

A patient you are caring for in the ICU has been diagnosed with pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. She was given a course of methicillin but has NOT shown any clinical or microbiological improvement. The most appropriate drug to treat her condition is _____.

The CRISPR toolbox is rapidly expanding. A. (4) Describe the differences between the following CRISPR tools. CRISPR/CAS 9 nCAS9 base editor nCas9 prime editor aCas9 activator B. (2) Which CRISPR tool would you use if your goal is to introduce herbicide resistance by substituting a specific nucleotide in the ALS gene. C. (2) Why is the tool that you have chosen in B superior to other tools mentioned under A.  

After a genome editing tool has created a DNA double strand break in the coding sequence of a specific gene (e.g. lignin biosynthetic gene) in the plant genome the cell needs to repair this break. Describe two different repair outcomes and the consequences for the expression and function of this specific gene. 

Virus mediated delivery of recombinant nucleic acids to plants termed  VOX, VIGS or VIGE are very useful to explore candidate genes for traits that can be phenotyped in leaves.  A. (3) Define  VOX, VIGS and VIGE B. (2) What are the benefits of VIGS and VIGE compare to conventional stable plant transformation (using Agrobacterium or biolistics)? C. (4) What are the limitations for widespread application of VOX, VIGS or VIGE for functional genomics?   

Genomic selection is a breeding technique that uses genetic markers spread across the entire genome to predict the breeding value of individuals.  A (4) Briefly describe 4 key elements of the genomic selection process/approach B. (2) List 4 main advantages of genomic selection compared to conventional plant breeding C (6) Briefly describe 6 key factors that influence the accuracy of genomic selection in plant breeding