Consider the following Ljung-Box test output: What does this test indicate about the residual process?  Explain.

All of the following describe mucous membranes, except: 

Match the transplant type with the correct definition.

Which immunoglobulin is used for the elimination of helminths?

Match the following autoimmune disorders with their cause

The Phillips-Perron test output for an observed time series appears below.  Based on this output, is it likely that differencing could be useful?  How many times?  Explain.   

The ADF test output for an observed time series appears below. Based on this output, is it likely that differencing once (a first-difference) would be useful?  Explain.

Time series, cross-correlation, and ACF plots for series A and series B are below.  How much is the approximate lag between the two processes? 

Answer the following questions about the influenza virus: Explain why a different influenza vaccine is necessary every year  How does the yearly version of the organism differ from the development of pandemic versions?  Please include in your answer the terms antigenic shift and antigenic drift.

Consider the ACF plots of the residual series and the squared residual series for a time series.  Is the time series a suitable candidate for an ARCH/GARCH model?  Explain.