a. What is the name of the mechanism illustrated in the schematic below and associated with embryonic tissues development and epithelium regeneration? b. Please provide the name of the cell phenotypes indicated in 1 and 2. Please in few words (bullet point list) indicate the main events leading to the transition from the phenotype 1 to the phenotype 2. c. What is the role of the Matrix-metalloprotease in this mechanism?

Why vascularization of engineered tissue is critical for tissue engineering? Please briefly describe the different strategies available to facilitate vascularization of scaffold for tissue engineering? 

Researchers in a tissue engineering lab have developed a new strategy to reprogram adult cells and generate IPSCs using a novel viral vector that can efficiently deliver plasmid into the adult cells. In order to track in real time the reprogramming efficiency of their method they use a cell line engineered with a GFP-reporter on the Oct4 gene (GFP: Green fluorescent protein). In the figure presented below, the researchers induced the reprogramming process at day #7 and analyzed the reprogramming efficiency by comparing the total cell confluence (GFP-labelled and non-labelled cells) with the GFP expressing cells confluence (GFP-labelled cells). (In cell culture biology, confluence refers to the percentage of the surface of a culture dish that is covered by adherent cells. The more cells are growing the more confluent the culture is). Using your knowledge on the IPSCs reprogramming process and the results presented in the figure, please answer the following questions. a. What does the acronym IPSCs stand for? b. What type of cell are often use to generate IPSCs (be as specific as you can)? c. Provide two examples of Transcription factors that can be used to reprogram fibroblasts into IPSCs. d. What is Oct4 and why are the researchers monitoring Oct4 gene expression? Provide an example of other gene that the authors could have used or monitor in this study. e. Instead of viral delivery, what other method could be used to reprogram adult cells into IPSCs? f. Please describe the results in the figure below. g. Based on these results can we say that this new method is able to generate IPSCs? and if yes how would you determine the efficiency? Figure caption: Assessing Reprogramming Kinetics by Measuring OCT4-GFP Confluence. Real-time imaging of fibroblasts reprogrammed with a new viral vector. Phase contrast, green fluorescence and merged images of the same cell colonies were generated at Day 7 to 19. Scale bar corresponds to 400 μm. The graph represent the quantification of total cell confluence (phase contrast) and OCT4-GFP cell confluence (green channel).

Roseola is a viral infection caused by the herpes virus type 6. What is characteristic regarding the fever and rash in roseola?

A parent says, “I would rather my child get Chickenpox disease than take the risk of a vaccine.” What is the nurse’s best response?

Case scenario: A nurse in the newborn nursery is completing discharge teaching for first-time parents of a healthy full-term infant born 24 hours ago. The infant’s assessment is normal, vital signs are stable, and the baby is feeding well. As the nurse prepares to administer the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, the parents express hesitation.The mother says, “We don’t want our baby getting chemicals like formaldehyde and thimerosal. We’ve read that vaccines can overload a newborn’s immune system. We’d rather wait until our baby is older.”The nurse recognizes the parents are anxious and want to make an informed decision. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

Case ScenarioA 10-year-old child is brought to the clinic during springtime with complaints of persistent nasal congestion, sneezing, clear rhinorrhea, and itchy, watery eyes. The parent reports that symptoms occur every year when pollen levels rise. The child has no fever, sore throat, or signs of infection. The nurse observes swollen nasal turbinates and allergic shiners under the eyes.Use the information provided to complete the following:Select the condition most likely being experienced by the child.Select two nursing actions the nurse should take.Select two parameters the nurse should monitor.

The nurse is preparing to administer immunizations to a 4-year-old. The child’s record shows all vaccines are up to date except the final doses of DTaP, IPV, and MMR. Which action demonstrates correct nursing judgment?

Case scenario: A 10-year-old child with a history of moderate persistent asthma is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with severe respiratory distress. The parent reports that the child has been coughing and wheezing for two days and did not improve after multiple nebulized albuterol treatments at home.On assessment, the nurse notes:The child is sitting upright, leaning forward, using accessory muscles to breathe.Breath sounds are markedly diminished with faint wheezing.Respiratory rate: 38/min; Heart rate: 128 bpm; O₂ saturation: 88% on room air.The child is anxious, diaphoretic, and speaks in single-word sentences.Use the information provided to complete the following:Select the condition most likely being experienced by the child.Select two nursing actions the nurse should take.Select two parameters the nurse should monitor.

During a well-child visit, the parent of an 11-year-old expresses concern about the HPV vaccine, stating, “My child isn’t sexually active yet, so I don’t think the vaccine is necessary.” Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?