A clicker sound is repeatedly followed by reinforcing treats for a dog. Next, the clicker is presented following instances of the dog sitting following a command. Because the clicker sound follows sitting and effectively improves sitting, the clicker is called a:

________________ are events that change the value of reinforcers as shown by increases the likelihood of behaviors that produced that reinforcer.

A. Name one phylum that belongs to the supergroup Alveolata.  B. What does the name Alveolata refer to?  Be specific.  

Describe stromatolites, in terms of: A. Their structure B. What organisms are involved  

A. Genus of this member of Ciliophora? B. Besides cilia, what else do members of this phylum share?  

Suppose that is a solution to the following differential equation. 

Consider the following differential equation.

The phrase “…symbolic shadow we stand today, signed” uses what literary device?

In her young adulthood, Mary worked as all of the following, EXCEPT

Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie’s amicable collaboration later helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.  Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled, however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French university, where she earned her master’s degree and doctorate in physics.  Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.  Curie’s feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.  Question: Marie ___ by leaving Poland and traveling to France to enter the Sorbonne.