____ used its position as the primary collector of tribute for the Mongols to take a leading role as the nucleus of a renewed Russian state after Mongol domination receded.

What city was the largest city established in the Greek empire during the Hellenistic period and contained a library of some 700,000 volumes?

Greek civilization expanded through the creation of _____ rather than through the conquest of territories.

The ___ adopted a pastoral lifestyle in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as they migrated southward from the upper Nile Valley into the more arid regions of central Kenya.

Among China’s neighboring states, the experience of ____ most closely paralleled that of Vietnam.

The nomadic cattle-keeping Masai and their settled agricultural neighbors bound their people together through ____ which were formed when adolescent boys from a variety of villages or lineages were initiated together in a ritual that established a profound bond among them.

The Sui dynasty sought to solidify the unity of the Chinese state by a vast extension of the ____ system.

Between 264 and 146 B.C.E., Rome fought a series of wars with Carthage that are known collectively as the ____.

Yellow Turban Rebellion

The development of a reliable saddle between 500 and 100 B.C.E. allowed nomadic Arabs to fight effectively from atop ____.