The strength reduction factor of compression-controlled tied columns is _____.

Compute the axial compressive strength Pn and moment capacity Mn of the following tied column when the largest strain in the concrete is 0.003 and the strain in the tension reinforcement is 0.003. Note that you should not include φ in the answer and that you should not consider Pn,max.b = 12 in.h = 20 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 6Size of longitudinal bars = No. 6Size of ties = No. 4Concrete strength = 9,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 60,000 psi

Determine the maximum axial strength φPn,max for the following tied column.Column width, b = 28 in.Column thickness, h = 12 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 12Size of longitudinal bars = No. 8Size of ties = No. 3Concrete strength = 4,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi

Tied columns have lower ductility giving less warning before a failure.

Ties are provided in reinforced concrete columns for four reasons. One of these reasons is _______.

In small buildings, the most frequently used concrete strength is _______ to _______ psi.

A load that has been misaligned on a concrete column is called a/an _______ load.

A load that has been misaligned on a concrete column is called a/an _______ load.

In nonseismic regions, ties are generally spaced approximately one column width apart.

When a column is under compression, the column shortens and contracts laterally.