Microbes routinely used proteins as a source of carbon in the absence of sugars. Which of the following is required for their use?*

Answer the following question about alcohol fermentation in microbes: In the fermentation of lactic acid from lactose in lactic acid bacteria, ______________ is used to reduce ______________ to lactate.*

Cellulose from agricultural wastes is converted to biofuel in industrial digestors on some farms in the Midwest. Answer the following regarding this process: What would you hypothesize the role of Clostridium thermocellulum would be in this process?*

The primary end-product of the ED pathway in bacteria is what?**

What is one difference between acidophilic and acidotolerant microbes?*  

Cellulose from agricultural wastes is converted to biofuel in industrial digestors on some farms in the Midwest. Answer the following regarding this process:   Complete the process of cellulose conversion to ethanol by C. thermocellulum.***

The following question refers to the figure below: The bacterial pathogen S. enterica grows in the gut on gluconate exponentially. Identify on the slope of this graph the point that best represents the relationship between g and k during exponential growth.***

INDICATIONS Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

MOA Milrinone (Primacor)

ADVERSE/SIDE EFFECTS Nitroprusside (Nitropress)