In a trial assessing smoking cessation, caffeine use is associated with both smoking and anxiety—the outcome being studied. This is an example of:

Before launching a clinical trial, researchers perform a calculation to determine the minimum number of participants needed to detect a meaningful effect. This process is known as:

All of the following are true about secondary resources EXCEPT:

By the outbreak of the Civil War, most southerners who were affiliated with a religious denomination belonged to either the Baptist or Methodist faith.

By 1860, cotton exports made up ______ of all American exports.

While northern women began to organize reform societies in the nineteenth century, southern women remained bound to the home, where they were instructed to cultivate their families’ religious sensibility and manage their household.

On January 24, 1848, James W. Marshall, a contractor hired by John Sutter, discovered the largest silver mine in the West in the Sacramento Valley area of the California Territory.

The most important factors that led to the annexation of Florida included anxieties over runaway slaves, Spanish neglect of the region, and the defeat of Native American tribes who controlled large portions of lucrative farm territory.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in 1848, officially ended the Mexican-American War and resulted in Mexico ceding California and much of the modern-day southwestern United States to the U.S.

Which of the following best describes the relationship of femininity and domesticity in the South?