A section of bone removed from the skull during craniotomy procedures.

A collection of blood vessels with abnormal communication between the arteries and veins. It may be the result of injury, infection, or a congenital condition.(include the medical abbreviation)

The pressure within the skull exerted by the brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. (include the medical abbreviation)

A rotating tool to cut tissue, e.g, to shave fatty deposits from arteries or remove the bone.

Note: same information for questions 20-25, except where otherwise noted. A small country is engaged in free international trade with a large country. There are two sectors (goods): sector (good) x and sector (good) y. There are three factors of production: labor, which is perfectly mobile across the two sectors; land, which is specific to good x; and capital, which is specific to good y. The solid lines of the following figure represent: Px MPLx for the small country as a function of Lx, measured from origin O; and Py MPLy as a function of Ly, measured from origin O*. The length of the base of the figure is L=2000, the total units of labor in the country. One unit of labor is one worker working for a year. The scale on the vertical axis is thousands of dollars. Note that each grid spacing on the horizontal represents 50 workers, and each grid spacing on the vertical axis represents 1 thousand dollars. NOTE:            Ignore the dashed line until it is mentioned below. Since this is a graphical question, some of the answers may be approximate! For all remaining questions in this group, suppose that labor can move freely from one sector to another. For the remainder of this group, suppose that the price of good y doubles, resulting in the dashed line, labeled P’y MPLy. After the price of good y doubles, approximately how much is the new wage in the country?

Note: same information for questions 4-11, except where otherwise noted. The world is composed of two countries, Country A and Country B. They use labor to produce two goods, TV Series and Movies. All of the assumptions of the Ricardian Model hold. The following table shows the unit labor inputs used to make each good in each country, where one unit is one hour of labor. (Thus, for example, to make a TV series in Country A it takes 30 hours of labor, and so on.) Country A has 12,000 units of labor and country B has 24,000 units of labor. The two countries are engaged in free and costless trade. Unit Labor Inputs Good Country A Country B TV Series 30 5 Movies 6 2   Suppose there is free and costless trade between the two countries and that Country B does not gain by trading. Enter a reasonable world relative price of TV series in terms of movies (that is, a reasonable price ratio PTV / PM). Note: if the answer is an exact number, only the exact number is accepted; if the answer is a range, then any number within that range is accepted.

Note: same information for questions 4-11, except where otherwise noted. The world is composed of two countries, Country A and Country B. They use labor to produce two goods, TV Series and Movies. All of the assumptions of the Ricardian Model hold. The following table shows the unit labor inputs used to make each good in each country, where one unit is one hour of labor. (Thus, for example, to make a TV series in Country A it takes 30 hours of labor, and so on.) Country A has 12,000 units of labor and country B has 24,000 units of labor. The two countries are engaged in free and costless trade. Unit Labor Inputs Good Country A Country B TV Series 30 5 Movies 6 2   Country A has comparative advantage in

Note: same information for questions 20-25, except where otherwise noted. A small country is engaged in free international trade with a large country. There are two sectors (goods): sector (good) x and sector (good) y. There are three factors of production: labor, which is perfectly mobile across the two sectors; land, which is specific to good x; and capital, which is specific to good y. The solid lines of the following figure represent: Px MPLx for the small country as a function of Lx, measured from origin O; and Py MPLy as a function of Ly, measured from origin O*. The length of the base of the figure is L=2000, the total units of labor in the country. One unit of labor is one worker working for a year. The scale on the vertical axis is thousands of dollars. Note that each grid spacing on the horizontal represents 50 workers, and each grid spacing on the vertical axis represents 1 thousand dollars. NOTE:            Ignore the dashed line until it is mentioned below. Since this is a graphical question, some of the answers may be approximate! For all remaining questions in this group, suppose that labor can move freely from one sector to another. For the remainder of this group, suppose that the price of good y doubles, resulting in the dashed line, labeled P’y MPLy. When the price of good y doubles, approximately how many workers shift sectors between the old equilibrium and the new equilibrium? Note: in both of these equilibria, workers are already perfectly mobile between the two sectors; the only difference between the “old” equilibrium and the “new” equilibrium is the change in the price.

Note: same information for questions 20-25, except where otherwise noted. A small country is engaged in free international trade with a large country. There are two sectors (goods): sector (good) x and sector (good) y. There are three factors of production: labor, which is perfectly mobile across the two sectors; land, which is specific to good x; and capital, which is specific to good y. The solid lines of the following figure represent: Px MPLx for the small country as a function of Lx, measured from origin O; and Py MPLy as a function of Ly, measured from origin O*. The length of the base of the figure is L=2000, the total units of labor in the country. One unit of labor is one worker working for a year. The scale on the vertical axis is thousands of dollars. Note that each grid spacing on the horizontal represents 50 workers, and each grid spacing on the vertical axis represents 1 thousand dollars. NOTE:            Ignore the dashed line until it is mentioned below. Since this is a graphical question, some of the answers may be approximate! For all remaining questions in this group, suppose that labor can move freely from one sector to another. For the remainder of this group, suppose that the price of good y doubles, resulting in the dashed line, labeled P’y MPLy. When the price of good y doubles, the impact on capital owners is ______. To explain this, we need to understand that ______ .

Note: same information for questions 4-11, except where otherwise noted. The world is composed of two countries, Country A and Country B. They use labor to produce two goods, TV Series and Movies. All of the assumptions of the Ricardian Model hold. The following table shows the unit labor inputs used to make each good in each country, where one unit is one hour of labor. (Thus, for example, to make a TV series in Country A it takes 30 hours of labor, and so on.) Country A has 12,000 units of labor and country B has 24,000 units of labor. The two countries are engaged in free and costless trade. Unit Labor Inputs Good Country A Country B TV Series 30 5 Movies 6 2   Note: the following figure is used in questions 7-9. The figure shows the Relative Supply curve of the two countries in international trade. Notation: PTV (PM) is the price of TV series (movies). QATV is the quantity of TV series made in Country A, and analogously for all other quantities. Enter the number X, or enter 0 if not enough information is provided. Only exact answer is accepted. Use a decimal point if needed.