Why are acentric chromosomes generally unstable during cell division?

Several breeds of hairless dogs carry a 4 base pair duplication in the FOXI3 gene that disrupts normal tooth and hair development. The insertion results in a nonfunctional protein that is inherited in affected lines. Which classifications apply to this mutation? (Select all that apply!)

Researchers identify a mutation in cattle that deletes 18 nucleotides from the coding region of a gene. Although the resulting protein lacks several amino acids it still retains normal function. Which statement is NOT supported by the information above?

In mice, the Pax6 gene is required for normal eye development. Researchers identified a single base pair substitution that caused Pax6 to be expressed in developing skin, resulting in small eye-like structures forming on the skin during embryonic development. Which classifications apply to this mutation? (Select all that apply!)

A mutation in a population of Arctic fish changes a stop codon into a codon for an amino acid. Translation continues until another stop codon is reached, producing a protein with unique activity that increases cold tolerance and improves survival. Which classifications apply to this mutation? (Select all that apply!)

In a thoroughbred mare, a mutation arises in a single mammary gland cell during pregnancy. The mutation increases the activity of a milk protein gene, causing that region of the mammary gland to produce significantly more of a specific protein than surrounding tissue. The effect is only observed during lactation and the mare’s foals show no evidence of the mutation. Which of the following classifications apply to this mutation? (Select all that apply!)

Two populations of the same fish species carry the same mutation. In one lake the mutation increases reproductive success, while in another lake it has no measurable effect on survival or reproduction. Which statement is most accurate?

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly. A sperm cell produced from this event fertilizes a normal egg. Which of the following describes the chromosomal condition of the resulting zygote?

Herpesviruses hardly ever cause serious or fatal infections, even in patients with reduced immune function.

Which herpesvirus is a major infectious cause of congenital birth defects?