A communication is false or misleading if it contains a material misrepresentation of a fact or law, or omits a fact necessary to make the communication considered as a whole not materially misleading.

When a lawyer-client relationship ends, the lawyer owes two duties to the former client. One, he/she/they may not do anything that will injuriously affect the former client in any matter in which the lawyer represented the former client. Secondly, the lawyer may not use former client knowledge or information he/she/they learned from the previous relationship.

For purposes of Rule 4.2, Rules of Professional Conduct, Communication with a Represented Person, “Managing agent” means an employee, member, agent, or other constituent of an organization with substantial discretionary authority over decisions that determine organizational policy.

California attorneys owe a duty to maintain client confidences, even at peril to themselves. 

In representing a client, a lawyer shall use any means that has a substantial purpose to delay or prolong the legal proceeding, thus incurring additional expense which will benefit the lawyer and the lawyer’s firm.

“Member” means a member of the State Bar of California.

Rule 1.01 of the California Rules of Professional Conduct defines “firm” and “law firm” to include a professional law corporation, a lawyer acting as a sole proprietorship, an association authorized to practice law, and lawyers engaged in a legal services organization, division, or office of a corporation, a governmental or other organization.

For purposes of Rule 1.8.10 “sexual relations” means sexual intercourse or touching of a intimate part of another person for sole purpose of abuse. Sexual arousal or gratification do not qualify under this rule.

Polymerase chain reaction technique is able to amplify DNA present in samples even in tiny amounts.

A lawyer may counsel a client to engage in conduct that the lawyer knows is criminal, fraudulent or a violation of any law, rule, or ruling of a tribunal.