A 49-year-old woman with fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and a firm, non-tender goiter is found to have elevated TSH and low free T4. Which serology best supports the most likely diagnosis?

A 24-year-old reports recurrent unilateral, pulsatile head pain lasting 4–72 hours, aggravated by activity and associated with photophobia and nausea. Most likely diagnosis?

A 54-year-old starts lisinopril and develops non-pitting facial and tongue swelling without urticaria or pruritus. Which mechanism best explains this angioedema?

Which triad best explains the pathogenesis of most deep venous thromboses (DVTs)?

During a psychiatric interview, a patient suddenly stops mid-sentence and cannot recall what they were saying. This is most consistent with:

A 22-year-old with episodic cough/wheeze has spirometry: FEV₁/FVC 0.64; post-albuterol FEV₁ ↑14% and 250 mL. What is the most consistent interpretation?

How does atherosclerosis promote aneurysm formation over time?

A patient develops toxic shock syndrome from Staphylococcus aureus. Which mechanism explains the massive cytokine release?

A 22-year-old presents with gradual-onset unilateral scrotal pain and dysuria. Exam: tender, swollen posterior testis; pain improves with scrotal elevation; cremasteric reflex intact. Most likely diagnosis?

A 52-year-old with obesity snores loudly, has morning headaches, and daytime sleepiness. Which pathophysiology explains his condition?