During the fall of 1802, Beethoven composed a letter to his brothers that included his last will and testament, a document that we’ve come to know as the _________________, named after the small town north of the Viennese city center, where he was staying.

______________ invented the musical notation system during the Middle Ages/Medieval period. 

Medieval musicians and composers, as well as much of European nobility in the Middle Ages, were particularly invested in what we call ________. This is love for a beloved without any concern for whether or not the love will be returned. 

In The Four Seasons, Vivaldi used the technique of ______________ which are sharp contrasts of volume.   Example:

The most popular styles of dancing during the Baroque period were the ________, _________, _________, and ________.

In an opera, everything is sung using recitatives and arias, and in a musical, characters have spoken lines in between songs.

At the beginning of an opera, the orchestra plays an instrumental piece known as the ____________

A __________ is a piece for a single instrument or small group of instruments. 

Vivaldi’s Spring from The Four Seasons is known as a _____________ which is when a soloist plays against the orchestra.

A new genre, written for large public concerts, was the ___________, a large, multi-movement composition for orchestra, often in four movements