When Congress submits a bill for the president’s consideration, he has, per the Constitution, ten days to act. If, however, Congress has adjourned (i.e., not in session, departed from Capitol Hill) by the 11th day, he can simply avoid taking any action on the bill. If he declines to take action by the 11th day, and Congress is simultaneously not in session, then he issues what amounts to a ____________________. They cannot be overridden.

In May 2024, three Kansas residents and a Kansas antique gun club (plaintiffs) filed a lawsuit against U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland seeking to block a new rule that would have expanded the definition of who is “engaged in the business” of selling firearms under existing ATF guidelines (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives). Rather than only regulating those individuals who sale firearms as their primary livelihood (i.e., firearms shop owner), the rule would be modified to include the regulation of those intending to “predominantly earn a profit” from the sale of arms. The new rule would require these sellers to be licensed and conduct background checks of the prospective buyers before completing the transfer. Opponents of the new rule argued that, because it regulates even the “local sale of one firearm,” it would diminish the number of individuals interested in selling firearms, negatively impacting sales tax revenue. Supporters of the new rule argued that it would help curb the number of private, unregulated gun sales. The state of Arkansas was one of twenty states that also joined the case as plaintiffs, and together, the plaintiffs filed the case in the Eastern District of Arkansas, a federal district court. However, U.S. District Judge James M. Moody, Jr. dismissed the case, citing that his courtroom was an improper venue because the state of Arkansas had not shown proof of financial injuries that are “concrete, particularized, and actual or imminent.” In other words, the state of Arkansas could not prove that it had been directly impacted by or suffered from the ATF’s decision. Because the state could not provide a legitimate reason for participating in the case, it lacked a stake in the outcome. (State of Kansas, et al. v. Merrick Garland, et al. || E.D. Ark. May 23, 2024) Based on the details provided above, the U.S. District Judge Moody tossed the case on what grounds?

In the Supreme Court, how many justices must vote in favor of issuing a writ of certiorari in order for the case to be placed on the docket?

Explain the principal-agent problem and how it affects productivity in the bureaucracy. For maximum credit, your answer must address who the players are, the problem that exists between the players, and how the problem influences productivity (i.e., ability to implement policy) within the bureaucracy.

Which of the following statements is associated with executive orders?

Parties in cases heard on appeal in the courtroom are either referred to as the petitioner or the respondent. Which of the following fits the profile of a petitioner in the case?

Factors that affect the president’s success are as follows:  Honeymoon period Polarization Divided Government War How do these factors affect the president’s ability (+) or inability (-) to advance his policy agenda? 

A continuous increase in the consumer price index (C P I) is

Assuming a banking system with limited reserves, an increase in the money supply will result in an increase in

When a justice writes a _________________opinion, they agree with the outcome of the case, but they wish to express a different legal reasoning that has influenced their decision.