Questions 20 – 22 refer to the image below. Photo of a unit of the Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina (Portuguese Women’s Youth Organization) in front of a monument to Henry the Navigator, Lisbon, late 1930s.    22. The organization in the image is best understood as a continuation of which of the following?

An FM radio station broadcasts radio waves with a frequency of 100 MHz. The wavelength of these waves is closest to

Questions 23-27 refer to the following speech to Nazi officers. “I ask of you that that which I say to you in this circle be really only heard and not ever discussed. We were faced with the question: what about the women and children? – I decided to find a clear solution to this problem too. I did not consider myself justified to exterminate the men – in other words, to kill them or have them killed and allow the avengers of our sons and grandsons in the form of their children to grow up. The difficult decision had to be made to have this people disappear from the earth. For the organisation which had to execute this task, it was the most difficult which we had ever had. I felt obliged to you, as the most superior dignitary, as the most superior dignitary of the party, this political order, this political instrument of the Führer, to also speak about this question quite openly and to say how it has been. The Jewish question in the countries that we occupy will be solved by the end of this year. Only remainders of odd Jews that managed to find hiding places will be left over.” Heinrich Himmler, Reichsführer (Leader) of the SS, October 1943 25.  Compared with a Social Darwinist view of the world, Himmler’s view in the passage is

Questions 37-39 refer to the image below.    Herbert Block, Washington Post, November 1, 1962 38.  The fundamental struggle underlying the cartoon is between

If you double the diameter of a sphere, the surface area of the sphere will

Questions 28-29 refer to the passage below. “The storm has died away, and still we are restless, uneasy, as if the storm were about to break. Almost all the affairs of men remain in a terrible uncertainty. We think of what has disappeared, and we are almost destroyed by what has been destroyed; we do not know what will be born, and we fear the future, not without reason….Doubt and disorder are in us and with us. There is no thinking man, however shrewd or learned he may be, who can hope to dominate this anxiety, to escape from this impression of darkness… But among all these injured things is the mind. The Mind has indeed been cruelly wounded; its complaint has been heard in the hearts of intellectual man. It passes a mournful judgment on itself. It doubts itself profoundly.”  Paul Valery, speech at the University of Zurich, 1922 29.  The views expressed in the passage led to the development of

Questions 35-36 refer to the passage below. “I came reluctantly to the conclusion that the British connection had made India more helpless than she ever was before, politically and economically. A disarmed India has no power of resistance against any aggressor if she wanted to engage, in an armed conflict with him. So much is this the case that some of our best men consider that India must take generations, before she can achieve Dominion Status. She has become so poor that she has little power of resisting famines. Before the British advent India spun and wove in her millions of cottages, just the supplement she needed for adding to her meagre agricultural resources. This cottage industry, so vital for India’s existence, has been ruined by incredibly heartless and inhuman processes as described by English witness. Little do town dwellers how the semi-starved masses of India are slowly sinking to lifelessness. Little do they know that their miserable comfort represents the brokerage they get for their work they do for the foreign exploiter, that the profits and the brokerage are sucked from the masses. Little do realize that the Government established by law in British India is carried on for this exploitation of the masses. No sophistry, no jugglery in figures, can explain away the evidence that the skeletons in many villages present to the naked eye. I have no doubt whatsoever that both England and the town dweller of India will have to answer, if there is a God above, for this crime against humanity, which is perhaps unequalled in history.” Mahatma Gandhi, statement after his guilty verdict for sedition, March 18, 1922   36.  Which of the following was a result of movements such as the one described in the passage?

Questions 30-32 refer to the 1932 German political poster below.     Translation: “Work and Food, Vote List 1”             32. Which of the following policies would the creators of the poster most likely support?

Questions 46-47 refer to the following two charts, showing economic data for England from 1500 to the present.    46.  Which of the following was the most direct cause of the change in typical working hours between 1500-1750?

Questions 14-16 refer to the song below. “Father Stalin, look at thisCollective farming is just blissThe hut’s in ruins, the barn’s all saggedAll the horses broken nagsAnd on the hut a hammer and sickleAnd in the hut death and famineNo cows left, no pigs at allJust your picture on the wallDaddy and mommy are in the kolkhoz*The poor child cries as alone he goesThere’s no bread and there’s no fatThe Party’s ended all of thatThe Party man he beats and stampsAnd sends us to Siberian camps.” *collective farm Ukrainian underground protest song, 1930s 16.  Sending people to Siberian camps was part of which of the following?