Questions 7-10  refer to the passage below. “As soon as their preparations were complete, they encouraged a subservient ally to declare war against Serbia at forty-eight hours’ notice, knowing full well that a conflict involving the control of the Balkans could not be localized and almost certainly meant a general war.  In order to make doubly sure, they refused every attempt at conciliation and conference until it was too late, and the world war was inevitable for which they had plotted, and for which alone among the nations they were fully equipped and prepared. Germany’s responsibility, however, is not confined to having planned and started the war.  She is no less responsible for the savage and inhuman manner in which it was conducted.  Though Germany was herself a guarantor of Belgium, the ruler of Germany violated, after a solemn promise to respect it, the neutrality of this unoffending people.  Not content with this, they deliberately carried out a series of promiscuous shootings and burnings with the sole object of terrifying the inhabitants into submission by the very frightfulness of their action. They were the first to use poisonous gas, notwithstanding the appalling suffering it entailed.  They began the bombing and long distance shelling of towns for no military object, but solely for the purpose of reducing the morale of their opponents by striking at their women and children.  They commenced the submarine campaign with its piratical challenge to international law, and its destruction of great numbers of innocent passengers and sailors, in mid-ocean, far from succour, at the mercy of the winds and the waves, and the yet more ruthless submarine crews.” — Georges Clemenceau, Letter of Reply to the Objections of the German Peace Delegation regarding the Versailles settlement, May 1919   7.  The ideas expressed in the passage were most directly challenged by which of the following?

Areas near a large body of water tend to have cooler summers and warmer winters than inland areas that are far from any body of water. This is because water has a

When an object that is thrown straight upwards reaches its highest point,

Questions 40-43 refer to the passage below. “We are motivated by the ideas of the 1917 October Revolution, the ideas of Lenin, the interests of the Soviet people. Moving from suspicion and hostility to confidence, from a “balance of fear” to a balance of reason and goodwill, from narrow nationalist egoism to cooperation—this is what we are urging. And if the Russian word “perestroika” has easily entered the international lexicon, this is due to more than just interest in what is going on in the Soviet Union… We want freedom to reign supreme in the coming century everywhere in the world.” Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika, 1987 43.  Gorbachev’s acceptance of some western ideas was most similar to which of the following Russian leaders?

A circuit breaker is designed to prevent

Questions 4-6 refer to the passage below. “The purpose of the geography curriculum was to come to know the narrower and broader Fatherland and to awaken one’s love of it. . . . From [merely learning the names of] the many rivers and mountains one will not see all the Serbian lands, not even the heroic and unfortunate field of Kosovo [on which the Ottomans defeated the Serbs in 1389]; from the many rivers and mountains children do not see that there are more Serbs living outside Serbia than in Serbia; they do not see that Serbia is surrounded on all sides by Serbian lands; from the many mountains and rivers we do not see that, were it not for the surrounding Serbs, Serbia would be a small island that foreign waves would quickly inundate and destroy; and, if there were no Serbia, the remainder of Serfdom would feel as though it did not have a heart.” Report to the Serbian Teachers’ Association, 1911-1912   5.  Sentiments similar to those expressed in the report most directly contributed to which of the following developments in the late twentieth century?

The reason why a hot air balloon rises but a balloon of equal size filled with cold air does not rise is

While the 12 V battery in the previous question is delivering 500 A of current to the motor, the power delivered to the motor is about

Questions 11-13 refer to the image below.    Salvador Dali, Persistence of Memory, 1931 11.  The above painting is an example of which of the following developments during the early twentieth century?

A white dwarf can exhibit an astonishing density of ρ ≈ 1000 kg/cm3.  If one had material from a white dwarf that was contained within a paintball of diameter D ≈ 1.8 cm, what would be its mass in kg?   Insert those values directly into the formula: M ≈ ρ x D3 / 2 , and in this instance, provide the answer without units and rounded to the nearest integer (e.g., 80.6 -> 81).