Afferent nerves in the peripheral nervous system carry signals away from the CNS to the muscles and glands.

You have just been prescribed a new medication. When you pick it up from the pharmacy, the pharmacist notes that it comes with some side effects. When you read through the list of side effects, it includes things like increased blood pressure, dilated pupils, and dry mouth.  Using what you have learned in the course so far, which part of the nervous system must be activated by this drug in order to produce these side effects? Briefly describe two other kinds of side effects that can be expected. Be specific with regard to organs/glands that would be affected and how they would be affected.

Name the type of glial cell that goes from a resting state to an activated state when the CNS is injured or infected.

Assessing memory deficits in patients with damage to their frontal lobes is an example of

Which of the events below is happening in the step labeled with a “D”?  

Which of these is NOT a known effect of opioids at synapses?

Some women undergo hormone therapy to alleviate the symptoms of menopause. This therapy consists of estrogen supplementation. Based on what you know about the role of sex hormones in cognition, what would you expect to find regarding memory abilities in women who have undergone long-term hormone therapy?

The graph below shows the steps of the action potential. Which of the events below is happening during the step marked with a “B”?  

Researchers have discovered a new type of toxin found in the venom of a South American scorpion. They name it leirotoxin after the scorpion in which it was discovered. When testing the effects of leirotoxin on the resting potential of neurons, they discover that it causes the neurons to become much less polarized at rest. When testing the effects of leirotoxin on the action potential, they discover that it prevents voltage-gated sodium ion channels from closing. Based on what you learned in the Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission module, explain the following in about 2 sentences each: How leirotoxin would affect the value of the membrane potential  How leirotoxin would affect the action potential (what steps/phases would be affected?)

A group of researchers is studying the effects of damage to a part of the mesencephalon on voluntary movement in rats. They are most likely studying the effects of damage to the