How does increasing the concentration of a disinfectant affect the CT value?

During the past summer, when the water temperature was 20°C, I used chlorine dioxide to inactivate viruses, achieving a 2-log10 reduction in 10 minutes. How many minutes would it take to achieve the same 2-log10 reduction of viruses in the winter, when the water temperature is 5°C, using the same concentration of chlorine dioxide? Use the CT table below.

What is NOT the primary characteristic of the lag phase in the bacterial growth curve?

Why is HOCl (hypochlorous acid) generally considered more effective than OCl⁻ (hypochlorite ion) for disinfection? (Choose the two most likely answers.)

Based on the breakpoint chlorination, determine sodium hypochlorite (purity is 7%) dosage rate (kg/day) to apply free chlorine residual of 1.0 mg/L to disinfection of 150,000 m3/day of drinking water.

What was your most significant takeaway from Chapter 3? Why is that?

Study Figure 3.6 in the chapter. What is your motivation for reading? You may have more than one. Discuss your motivations here and how that affects how you attend to your reading.

When a neuron is at rest, there is a high concentration of _____ ions inside the cell relative to the outside.

Essay Item (give enough detail so I can tell you know what is happening in each step and why–2 points possible): When we first started talking about the neuron I discussed the 3 major steps of the action potential (a,b,c, corresponding to lecture slides).  Discuss those three steps and what happens in each (so I am asking you to briefly tell me the “flow” of actions that make up the electrical portion of the action potential as outlined in class lecture).   

Short-Answer Item: In your own words, explain the difference between a drug agonist and a drug antagonist.