67-year-old female with a 50-pack-year history of smoking presents for a routine annual physical examination. She complains of becoming easily short of breath and of fatigue. Physical examination reveals diminished breath sounds, hyperresonance, and hypertrophied respiratory accessory muscles. Here complete blood count is slightly elevated. Her pulmonary function test (PFT) results show increased total lung capacity. What is the most likely diagnosis? 

An asthmatic patient who was seen for a viral upper respiratory infection presents to the nurse practitioner’s office complaining of a recent onest of shortness of breath, inspiratory wheezing, and chest tightness. He has been using his albuterol inhaler from four to six times a day. When the nurse practitioner quickly evaluates the patient, he notices that the patient is diaphoretic and tachypneic. Which of the following interventions is not indicated?

Which organ is located directly below the right hemidiaphragm? 

All of the following types of obstructive pulmonary disease except:

What is the most common organism of bacterial pneumonia? 

Edwin Hubble observed that most galaxies exhibit a redshift. We now call this the “cosmological redshift.” What is the cause of this redshift?

A 77 year old female is admitted to the Neuro ICU secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage. 3 days after admission she remains intubated requiring mechanical ventilation.  Morning labs: WBC 15K, H&H 12.5 & 35.1, Plt 205K. Na+ 148, K+ 4.2, Mg+ 2.1, BUN 15, Cr 1.0, glucose 112.  Bilateral crackles on heard on physical exam, therefore a chest x-ray is ordered. Right upper and middle lobe pneumonia is noted.  What is the most appropriate treatment regimen? 

Which of following medications is considered a “rescue” drug for asthmatics?

Which of the following elements is NOT typically included in the documentation for validation or verification of a new laboratory test?

A fluorescent DNA probe is applied to a microscopic slide and examined under a fluorescence microscope. This technique enables a pathologist to detect which of the following?