In which of the following types of research is the researcher most concerned with the representativeness of the sample used?

A psychologist first conducted a study on helping behavior with a sample of college undergraduates. This psychologist then replicated the study using the same procedure with a different participant sample. If similar results were obtained with both samples, this experimenter has demonstrated

The variable a researcher measures to see if it is affected in the experiment is called the

Shannon conducts an experiment to test her hypothesis that longer arguments cause couples to become angrier at each other. She randomly assigns couples to argue for either ten minutes or twenty minutes. After her assistant Ken runs the study, Ken tells Shannon that he allowed the couples who were really fighting hard to keep arguing longer than Shannon had originally stated. Shannon cringes, for she knows that the ________ of his study is very low.

Why is random assignment important in an experiment?

A researcher concludes that frustrating people by giving them a task that is impossible to complete causes them to behave more aggressively. Only ________ warrants this type of conclusion.

Which of the following explanations for the failure of neighbors to come to Kitty Genovese’s aid best reflects the idea of diffusion of responsibility?

When researchers say that there is a relationship between two variables, this means

Carlos, the president of a fraternity on campus, randomly sampled 500 students, asked them if they belonged to a fraternity or sorority, and asked them about their current GPA. He discovered that the GPAs of those people in fraternities and sororities were higher than those of people who were not involved in the Greek system. Gleefully, he presented his findings to the dean, saying that being involved in a fraternity or sorority leads to higher grades. What rule of research methods is Carlos breaking?

In the 1950s, Leon Festinger arrived at a theory of attitude change that was at odds with the psychological “wisdom” of the day. The genesis of this theory-cognitive dissonance theory-demonstrates the author’s point that many ideas in social psychology are