INSTRUCTIONS: Read the essay and answer the questions that f…
INSTRUCTIONS: Read the essay and answer the questions that follow. The Impact of Global Urbanization [A] In 1960, about one third of the world’s population lived in cities. Today, the figure is a little over one half, and by 2050 experts predict about two-thirds of the global population will live in urban areas. Many of these urban areas are megacities; that is, cities with a population of more than 10 million. In 1960, there were only three of such cities. Currently, there are forty-seven. The reasons people move to cities are compelling: It is easier to find good jobs and good educations in cities than in rural communities, and many people find better lives in cities. However, cities often do not have enough resources to serve their growing populations, so many people who move to these megacities—especially the poor—encounter serious problems. [B] The first thing new residents need is a place to live. Housing in cities is expensive, and, in general, there is not enough housing in megacities for all the people who need it. Consequently, many people in megacities have trouble finding housing. For new residents who do find housing and can pay for it, it is often of poor quality in very crowded neighborhoods. More than a billion people around the world live in areas like this. [C] All of those extra people put enormous pressure on these cities’ other resources as well. The new residents need water, electricity, and public sanitation1, and many cities are unable to provide these services. As a result, the poorest new residents often do not have access to the running water they need for drinking, cooking, bathing, or toilets. This lack of clean water poses a serious threat to public health because people are forced to use water that is dirty or polluted. [D] Finally, there are often not enough jobs for all of the people who come from rural communities. This can lead to unemployment. What happens when these people cannot find a job? They have to do something to support their families. Unfortunately, some of them turn to crime. [E] Research at the International Institute for Strategic Studies suggests a correlation between rapid urbanization and rising crime rates. This is a particular problem in megacities. However, these cities are trying to deal with housing and public health issues, which leaves them with few resources for fighting crime. [F] People come to cities hoping to find a job that will improve their standard of living, and many are successful. Urban centers bring together people with talent and energy in ways that point to a bright future. Yet many others, especially the poor, do not find their dreams; instead, they find many problems. If megacities do not find a way to meet the needs of their growing populations, their future will not be bright at all. 1public sanitation: things needed for the health of people in a community, such as the disposal of garbage and waste
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