A sound deductive argument must satisfy the following condition/s:

My professor says that the government needs to spend more money on teachers’ saleries. Of course he says so; he’s a teacher himself.

A fact that confirms a hypothesis (that is, raises its probability) is called a _______ fact.

Professor Bird’s lecture on the mating habits of the fruitfly are totally unreliable. After all, what would he know. He’s a virgin!

My mother stayed home with her children; my grandmother stayed home with her children; and so did my great grandmother; and so did my great, great grandmother; so don’t you tell me that you want a career instead. Woman, your place is in the home just like it has been from the beginning of time.

What is the last (seventh) step of the scientific method?

“Are you interested in going out tonight and meeting some new guys or are you still going out with that bum?”

In a study published in the April 9 issue of the journal Neurology, this trial is the first in humans to show that recovering memory after brain injury is harder for people who have the E4 type of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, which is already known to influence Alzheimer’s disease. . . . The study looked at 110 head injury patients who were rated for level of traumatic brain injury, assessed for memory function and genotyped at the APOE gene. Although participants with the E4 form of the APOE gene matched those without the E4 form in terms of age, gender and severity of injury, there were clear differences in memory function between the two groups. The E4 group showed worse recovery of general memory function after injury.

A _______ is a statement or group of statements used to explain a fact or facts perceived as needing explanation.

What’s the name of this class?