Hal is a third-year medical student in Wisconsin. Yesterday he was reading a paper about Dengue Fever, which comes from a virus transmitted via mosquitoes. The primary symptoms are fever, vomiting, aches and pains, and fatigue. It is incredibly uncommon in the state of Wisconsin (particularly in winter). The next day, Hal is seeing a patient whose symptoms are a good fit to Dengue fever. The symptoms are also a pretty good fit to the flu (though a slightly less good fit than the fit to Dengue fever). The flu right now is very common in Wisconsin. In his mind, Hal overestimates how common Dengue Fever might be in Wisconsin right now. He also focuses strongly on the fact that the symptoms are a very slightly better fit to Dengue Fever than to flu. As such, he gives the patient a diagnosis of Dengue fever. Hal’s overestimation of the commonness of Dengue Fever based on the fact that he was just reading about Dengue Fever, is a good example of what decision-making issue?

What did you and your best friend do yesterday afternoon? Mi mejor amigo/a y yo __________________________.

Todos los amigos de Tom [answer1] fútbol el miércoles.

Ariel recently suffered damage to part of her brain. Her doctor performs a test to assess Ariel’s condition. The doctor finds that Ariel has a hard time perceiving things across the whole visual field at one time. However, when the doctor moves a pencil rapidly in front of Ariel, Ariel is able to perceive it.  Ariel is most likely to have suffered damage to what area of her brain? The doctor is likely to diagnose Ariel with what condition? 

Laura and her dad like to spend Saturdays checking out yard sales around their neighborhood. One Saturday while out at a yard sale, they spot a pair of hiking boots that are marked at $20. Laura’s dad offers the owner $16 for the boots but the owner declines. Later that day, another person purchases the boots for $20.  A couple of Saturday’s later, Laura and her dad are at another yard sale when they spot a remarkably similar pair of hiking boots (in fact, they were the same exact boots!). The boots are now marked at $25 dollars. Laura’s dad offers the owner $21 for the boots.    The fact that Laura’s dad offered $16 for boots at the first yard sale, but $21 for the same boots at the second yard sale demonstrates what phenomenon of human decision-making?     

What is Messi considered to be?

In the famous car accident experiment, participants’ estimation of the speed of the cars when the accident happened was changed depending on the descriptive word used in the question they were asked (e.g., How fast were the cars going when they crashed into each other? Vs. How fast were the cars going when they bumped into each other?). What “sin” of memory does this study address?

Mike pays $1 to enter a raffle. He was hoping to win an autographed photograph of a famous baseball player, but instead he won a red UW-Madison t-shirt.  He already has about twenty red UW-Madison t-shifts and he probably wouldn’t have paid even 25 cents for another one. Mike’s friend Patrick sees that Mike is disappointed to have won the t-shirt and so the next day Patrick asks if he could buy the t-shift from Mike for $5. Mike thinks about it and says that he wouldn’t sell the t-shirt for less than $20.   This scenario illustrates what decision-making issue?

Cathy is interested in studying how level of processing affects learning. She randomly assigned participants into three groups:   Group 1 was asked to identify whether the word was printed in lowercase or capital letters (e.g., card – capital or lowercase? – lowercase)   Group 2 was asked whether the target word rhymes with another word (e.g., card – rhymes with hard? – yes)   Group 3 was asked whether the word fits appropriately into a sentence (e.g., card – Her occupation is ___ – no)   She then asked participants to go through 30 words using the methods above and then gave them a list of 100 words. 30 of the 100 words were those that they had just gone through. The participants’ job was to pick out the 30 words they had just seen. Which group would Cathy find the best performance in terms of accuracy?

A study is conducted to investigate the impact of pre-frontal lobe damage on decision-making. Two subjects participate in the study:   Dawn, a 30-year-old woman with no damage to her pre-frontal lobe Myra, a 30-year-old woman with bilateral damage to her pre-frontal lobe   Both Dawn and Myra are asked to play a betting game. During each round of the game, they are given up to $50 to bet on one of four sailboats in a race. Unbeknownst to the participants at the beginning of the experiment, each sailboat has a different probability of winning and a different payout for winning. Participants lose their entire bet on rounds where they select a losing sailboat.    Sailboat A wins 50% of the time, participants collect 110% of their original bet if Sailboat A wins (a bet of $10 dollars pays out $11) Sailboat B wins 30% of the time, participants collect 150% of their original bet if Sailboat B wins (a bet of $10 dollars pays out $15) Sailboat C wins 15% of the time, participants earn 200% of their original bet if Sailboat C wins (a bet of $10 dollars pays out $20) Sailboat D wins 5% of the time, participants earn 300% of their original bet if Sailboat D wins (a bet of $10 dollars pays out $30)   After several rounds of the game, you would expect _______ to be more likely to choose Sailboat A each time and ________ to show no physiological changes (e.g., increased heart rate and sweating) when choosing (or thinking about choosing) Sailboat D.