Funduscopic examination of a 68-year-old woman finds arteriolar narrowing, flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots and hard waxy exudates.  Which of the following underlying diseases is she most likely to have?

The designation of phthisis bulbi refers to:

A 82-year-old woman has had increasing visual problems because of cloudiness and opacification of her eyes over the past two years.  Her left eye is shown in the figure below.  What pathologic process has most likely occurred in this woman?

A 42-year-old man develops white fluffy patches on the sides of his tongue.  These cannot be scraped off.  The biopsy shows squamous hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and “balloon cells”.   Immunohistochemical staining is positive for EBV.  Which of the following is the most likely risk factor for his oral lesions?

Progressive thinning and ectasia of the cornea without inflammation or vascularization characterizes this disorder.

A 5-year-old boy has a perforated right tympanic membrane due to repeated ear infection for the last three years.  Which of the following complications is most likely to occur as a consequence of these lesions?

Which of the following condition is characterized by wartlike excrescences (guttae) of Descement membrane associated with loss of endothelial lining?

A 63-year-old woman has type I diabetes mellitus since age of 18.  She has had increasing difficulty with vision for the past decades.  Which of the following findings is most likely to have?

A 55-year-old man is found to have the lesion as showing below.  Which of the following etiologic factors most likely played the role in the development of the lesion?

A 25-year-old man notices several 0.3-cm clear vesicles on his upper lip after a bout of influenza.  The vesicles rupture, heaving shallow painful ulcers that heal over the course of 10 days.  Three month later, after a skiing trip, similar vesicles develop, with the same pattern of healing.  Which of the following microscopic findings is most likely to be associated with these lesions?