Case 1 (Questions 11-13) Suppose a team of researchers conducts a case-control study on the association between hypertension and stroke among adults aged 50 and older in Florida. For this study, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 and older who experienced a stroke as the cases. As controls, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 or older who did not experience a stroke. To assess each participant’s exposure status, the researchers asked the participants to fill out a questionnaire in which the participants were asked to retrospectively report if they have had hypertension in the past. When is the measurement error in hypertension in case 1 differential? (max. 4 points)

Case 1 (Questions 11-13) Suppose a team of researchers conducts a case-control study on the association between hypertension and stroke among adults aged 50 and older in Florida. For this study, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 and older who experienced a stroke as the cases. As controls, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 or older who did not experience a stroke. To assess each participant’s exposure status, the researchers asked the participants to fill out a questionnaire in which the participants were asked to retrospectively report if they have had hypertension in the past.   What strategy could be used to minimize error in the measurement of hypertension in case 1? (max. 4 points)

Suppose a team of researchers studied the association between arsenic exposure and skin cancer using a case-control study. The researchers were interested in studying smoking as an effect modifier of the association between arsenic exposure and skin cancer. To determine if smoking is an effect modifier, the researchers compared the observed joint exposure odds ratio to the expected joint exposure odds ratio. The observed joint exposure odds ratio was 2.37 and the expected joint exposure odds ratio was 1.93.    What is the correct conclusion based on the available information presented above?

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______________ is a hook shaped bacteria that causes leptospirosis. 

A 3-year-old is brought to the emergency department via ambulance after the parents called 911 when they noticed their child’s behavior changed and his tongue began to swell. Based on the table below, what is the nurse’s 2 priority actions to anticipate? 0930 Temp. 37.2oC (98.9oF) HR 110 bpm RR 42 breaths/min O2 88% on RA Assessment Wheezing, dyspnea, visibly anxious, visualization of swollen tongue and rash surrounding mouth

Following chest percussion, a respiratory therapist auscultates a patient’s chest and hears coarse low-pitch, gurgling sounds around the hilar area. These sounds should be recorded in the patient’s medical record as:

A patient with history of shortness of breath has a FEV1 of 1.0 L before use of a bronchodilator and a FEV1 of 1.25 L after use of a bronchodilator. These results indicate:

A 26 year old patient has been receiving mechanical ventilation in the assist/control mode for 48 hours. The sensitivity is set at -2 cm H2O. The patient is awake and periodically breathing out of phase with the ventilator. Arterial blood gas results with an FIO2 of 0.40 are as follows: pH                   7.43PaCO2               37 torrPaO2                  82 torrHCO3                24 mEq/LBE                  -2 mEq/LWhich of the following should the respiratory therapist do?

A 17 year-old female who weighs 50 kg (110 lb) is admitted to the surgical intensive care unit following open laparotomy and repair of the liver laceration sustained during a fall. The patient is intubated and recieving volume-controlled mechanical ventilation. The following data are available:Mode                              SIMVFIO2                                0.50Mandatory rate             12Total rate                        28Tidal volume                  450 mlPEEP                                5 cm H2OPressure support            6 cm H2OInspiratory flow              30 L/minFlow pattern                   square waveSpO2                                      97%The patient is hemodynamically stable and afebrile. The respiratory therapist notes intercostal retractions and paradoxical chest-abdominal motion during inspiration. The therapist should do which of the following to improve ventilator synchrony?