Research has shown that teachers in the United States:

Appropriate early childhood assessments include:

Above all, information from assessments must benefit:

When carrying out a morning health check with a child, the most important thing to look for is:

COP 5536 Advanced Data Structures Fall 2024 Makeup Exam 1 CLOSED BOOK 8:30 pm – 10:00 pm (60 Minutes + Extra 30 Minutes for scanning & submission) PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY For all problems, use only the algorithms discussed in class. Write your answers directly on your own white blank paper. You may use extra scratch paper for calculation, but these are not to be submitted. All answers will be graded on correctness, efficiency, clarity, elegance, and other normal criteria that determine quality. Late submission will not be accepted. Only submissions made using Honorlock will be graded. You will be monitored through Honorlock. In the response sheet please enter your name and UFID. Note.  All answers will be graded on correctness, efficiency, clarity, elegance and other normal criteria that determine quality. The points assigned to each question are provided in parentheses. Last Name: _____________ First Name: _______________ UFID: _______________ Q. 1 (12) Q. 2 (14) Q. 3 (12) Q. 4 (12) Total (50)   Question 1 (12): Consider a data structure with the operations: put(x), find(x), and remove(x). Put(x) inserts an element x into the structure, find(x) searches for x, and remove(x) removes x from the structure. A find(x) and a remove(x) operation take 1 unit of time each and a put(x) operation takes 1 unit of time except when the number of elements in the structure prior to the put(x) operation equals the capacity n of the structure. In this case, put(x) takes (2n+1) time units to double the capacity and then put x into the data structure. Assume that the structure is initially empty, and its initial capacity is 1. Use the accounting method to show that the amortized complexity of put(x), find(x), and remove(x) are respectively, 5, 1, and 1.   Question 2 (14): You are given 6 runs that have 100, 200, 300, 500, 800, 1000 equal-length records to be merged into one, using a loser tree. It takes 2 seconds to read or write one block from/to disk and 1 second of CPU time to merge one block of records. Assume that all input, output, and CPU processing is sequential and there is no waiting time. The block size is 100 records. (a) (7) Give an optimal 4-way merging scheme to merge the 6 runs into 1. (b) (7) What is the total time taken by the optimal scheme?   Question 3 (12): (a) (4). What is the maximum length of the shortest path from root to an external node in a height biased leftist tree that has n nodes? Prove your result. (b) (8) Meld the following min height based leftist trees using the algorithm developed in class. Show each step. Question 4 (12): (a) (2)What is the actual and amortized complexity of remove min in binomial heaps with n elements? No proof needed. (b) (5) Insert the keys: 20, 6, 9, 4, 13, 10, 8, 11, 3, 12, 7 and 5 in the order given into an initially empty min binomial heap. (Use the algorithm discussed in class). Show the resulting min binomial heap. (c) (5) Do DeleteMin on the tree of (b) (Use the algorithm discussed in class), showing each step.

When presenting a project budget to a client, the project manager should downplay the project costs since they probably understand that the cost will increase as the project progresses. 

The Management Reserve is part of the “Project Budget.”  

The “Project Budget” includes the “Work Package Estimates” plus the Contingency Reserve.  

Identify the Fixed Costs and Variable Costs: 

The cost estimates from an Analogous estimate would generally be less reliable than the cost estimates of a Bottom-Up Estimate.