In the Simpson case, it would have been unreasonable for the Jury to have accepted either the cross-contamination hypothesis or the planting hypothesis. It would have been to commit the fallacy of

If p then qnot pTherefore not q

The scientific method consists of seven steps. Which of the following is the first step?

“Now that I can no longer play football (because of that injury), I might as well be dead, because I’m totally worthless.”

Please don’t give me a speeding ticket, officer. I’m pregnant and you wouldn’t want to upset both of us-baby and me. Please find it in your heart to give both of us another chance. Oh please; do it for the baby; oh please?

“I don’t see why I just can’t use a phony ID in order to get into the night club. Martin and Stan did it last week, and lots of other guys do it all the time.”

President George W. Bush argued as follows:In the early days and weeks after 9/11, I directed our government’s senior national security officials to do everything in their power, within our laws, to prevent another attack. Nearly five years have passed since these-those initial days of shock and sadness-and we are thankful that the terrorists have not succeeded in launching another attack on our soil. . . .The above argument commits the

A sound deductive argument must satisfy the following condition/s:

My professor says that the government needs to spend more money on teachers’ saleries. Of course he says so; he’s a teacher himself.

A fact that confirms a hypothesis (that is, raises its probability) is called a _______ fact.