​A person who has been convicted of three or more offenses is now considered to be a situational offender.

​            are central to prisoner control because correctional officers cannot have total control over the inmates.

A formal organization is deliberately established for a particular reason.​

Staff personnel usually work under the deputy warden, handling accounting, training, and purchasing.​

Compared with other correctional staff, officers in the yard have the closest contact with prisoners and the greatest potential for inducing behavior change.​

​Retribution is a goal of punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim and community by an offender’s criminal act. 

African Americans make up roughly 13 percent of the entire U.S. population, but make almost 40 percent of the U.S. prison population.​

​Every offender assigned to correction is unique; no two offenders are exactly alike.

​Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of:

Because inmates are not allowed to carry any currency, the primary method of exchange in prison is:​