The cartilaginous gill arches of the early Agnathan fishes gave rise to which characteristic in the vertebrate lineage?

FILL-IN: Calcitonin is a hormone that lowers the amount of calcium in the blood, whereas parathyroid hormone increases the amount of calcium in the blood. These hormones are referred to as “____ hormones” because their effects are opposites of each other.  Spell carefully.

FILL-IN: Briefly explain the advantages of excreting nitrogenous waste in the form of urea rather than in its original form of ammonia.

A single card is drawn from a standard deck with 52 cards. What is the probability of getting a queen or a king?

Use the boxplot below to find the IQR (interquartile range).

In a math class there are 55 students, 40 of whom make an A on the test. If 4 students are selected, one at a time, at random, what is the probability that all made an A on the test?

Find both the number of combinations and the number of permutations for the given number of objects. 11 objects taken 5 at a time

A single card is drawn from a standard deck with 52 cards. What is the probability of getting a queen or a king?

Mrs. Jackson’s class voted on whether to have a clown (C), a magician (M), or a superhero (S) at their class party. Use the preference table shown to answer the question below. How many people voted?

The grades on a college math exam are shown in a stem-and-leaf display below. What is the highest grade?