In nonseismic areas, tied columns are used more extensively.

In tall buildings, lower strength concrete is generally used in the columns to reduce their size.

Uneven compaction of the concrete across the width of a section can cause eccentricities in columns.

In a typical construction cycle, the reinforcement and concrete for the columns are placed after the reinforcement and concrete for the beams and slabs in a floor system above it.

ACI 318-14 Section 25.7.2.1 specifies that ties shall have a center-to-center spacing not exceeding the least of 16db of longitudinal bar, 48db of tie bar, and smallest dimension of member.

If additional steel reinforcement in a column prevents concrete from expanding outward under compression, then logically it follows that _______.

The textbook discusses six methods commonly used to design rectangular columns subjected to biaxial loads.

Tied columns cannot be circular-shaped.

Compute the axial compressive strength Pn and moment capacity Mn of the following tied column when the largest strain in the concrete is 0.003 and the strain in the tension reinforcement is 0.003. Note that you should not include φ in the answer and that you should not consider Pn,max.b = 14 in.h = 22 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 6Size of longitudinal bars = No. 7Size of ties = No. 4Concrete strength = 8,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi

Almost universally, an even number of bars is used in rectangular columns, so that the column is symmetrical about the axis of bending.